شاہ سلیمان پھلواروی
ہندوستان کے مشہور پرانے عالم و واعظ و خطیب مولانا شاہ سلمان صاحب قادری چشتی پھلواروی نے جن کے نغموں نے ہمارے ملک کے پورے طول و عرض کو کم از کم نصف صدی تک پرشور رکھا تھا، وفات پائی، ۲۷؍صفر ۱۳۵۴ھ کی تاریخ جمعہ کے دن اور صبح ۷ بجے کا وقت تھا کہ یہ طوطیِ خوشنوا ہمیشہ کے لئے خاموش ہوگیا، پھلواری صوبہ بہار میں عظیم آباد پٹنہ سے ملحق ایک مردم خیز مشہور قصبہ ہے جہاں ڈیڑھ سو برس کے عرصہ میں بہت سے باکمال، اہل علم، علماء، صلحاء، مشایخ اور شعراء پیدا ہوئے، مرحوم بھی یہیں کے رہنے والے اور یہاں کے بزرگوں کے مستند و معتبر خانوادہ کے چشم و چراغ تھے، ستہتر، اٹھتر بر س کی عمر پائی، غالباً ۱۲۷۶ھ میں پیدا ہوئے۔
مرحوم کی جوانی کے عہد میں تین باکمالوں کے درس کی مسندیں ہندوستان میں بچھی تھیں، فرنگی محل لکھنؤ میں مولانا عبدالحئی صاحب، سہارنپور میں مولانا احمد علی صاحب اور دلّی میں مولانا سید نذیر حسین صاحب کی، شاہ صاحب مرحوم نے فیض کے ان تینوں سرچشموں سے فائدہ اٹھایا، پہلے فرنگی محل آئے اور یہاں سے فارغ ہوکر سہارنپور اور دہلی گئے، دلّی کے قیام کا زمانہ جس کو ان کی تعلیم کا آخری عہد کہنا چاہئے، ۱۲۹۷ھ مطابق ۱۸۸۰ء ہے۔
لکھنؤ کے قیام میں درسیات کو ختم کرنے کے بعد انہوں نے طب پڑھی اور اسی طبیب کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے دنیا میں اپنی زندگی کا آغاز کیا، چنانچہ شروع میں حکیم محمد سلیمان کہلائے اور اسی کا اثر تھا کہ شاعری میں جس کا چسکا ان کو بچپن سے تھا اور لکھنؤ کی صحبت میں جس کا چٹخارہ اور بڑھ گیا تھا، اپنا تخلص حاذقؔ رکھا تھا، وہ زیادہ تر اردو اور عربی میں کمتر فارسی میں شعر کہتے تھے،...
Background and Aim: Headache is a very common condition worldwide. Cervicogenic headache is a secondary type of headache. Dentistry requires both, the concentration and precision and dentists have to work in constricted zones for extended period of time so it is important to evaluate headache among dental population. The objective of this study was to screen Cervicogenic headache among dentists working in Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore.
Methodology: The Descriptive Cross-sectional study, of 6 months duration, was conducted on 125 dentists. The data was collected from Lahore Medical and Dental College, Lahore. Non-Probability convenience sampling technique was used. Dentists working for at least 2 years and more than 5 hours daily, with the known cases of headache were included and those who were diagnosed with any other condition that cause headache like acute sinusitis, High blood pressure etc. were excluded. Data was collected by using cervical Flexion Rotation test whose validity is 0.81. Data was entered by using Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and the same software was used for data analysis.
Results: The findings showed that, out of 125 dentists, 36.8% (n=46) were male and 63.2% (n=79) were female and cervical flexion rotation test was positive in 30.4% (n=38) dentists.
Conclusion: This study concluded that cervicogenic headache is present in 30.4% dentists working in Lahore Medical and Dental College.
This study was aimed at investigating the effect of collaborative learning approach on the academic achievement, social skills development and motivation level of secondary school students in public sector. This study also investigated effect of three collaborative learning techniques (fishbowl, syndicate, and paired annotation). A true-experimental (pre-test post-test equivalent group design) was used. The objectives of the study were; (i) To explore the effects ofcollaborative learning approach on the academic achievement of the students in the subject of Pakistan Studies; (ii) To explore the difference between pre-test and post-test scores of both the control and experimental groups; (iii) To investigate the effectiveness of collaborative learning approach for both the high achievers and low achievers; and (iv) To explore the effect of collaborative learning techniques on social skills development and motivation level of the students; (v) To measure the retention level of both control and experimental groups. For achieving these objectives null hypotheses were formulated and tested. The 281284 secondary school students in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa constituted the population of this experimental study. Sixty eight students of 9th class of Government High School No. 1, Nowshera Kalan were taken as sample of the study that were divided into two groups; control and experimental groups on the bases of pre-test scores. For this purpose pair-random sampling technique was applied. Students in the control group were taught through traditional learning activities (lecture method) in the classroom, while students in the experimental group were given treatment as collaborative learning. Data was collected through pre-test, post-test, retention test, and an observation log. The collected numerical data was analyzed with the help of mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA. While the qualitative data collected through observation log, was analyzed qualitatively in the form of descriptions. The major findings were found as under; (1) Collaborative learning activities (fishbowl, syndicate, and paired annotation) improved academic achievement of secondary school students. (2) Retention level of the students who learn collaboratively was better than those who learn through traditional learning methods. (3) Collaborative learning activities developed social skills of the students. (4) Collaborative learning activities improved motivation level of the students.