مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر
بہار میں نئی تعلیم بنگال کے قرب بلکہ ملحقہ صوبہ ہونے کی وجہ سے بہت پہلے پھیلی، وہاں کے مسلمان شرفا کے جو نونہال ان میں سب سے زیادہ پھلے پھولے ان میں سید علی امام، حسن امام اور مظہرالحق وغیرہ کے نام ان کے بعض سیاسی اور قومی کارناموں کی وجہ سے بہت نمایاں ہیں، انہی کے معاصرین میں ایک نام مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر کا ہے، پٹنہ کے قریب شرفا کا ایک مشہور قصبہ نگرنہسہ ہے، وہ وہیں کے انصاری خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، خاندان میں عربی و فارسی علوم کا چرچا تھا، ان کے دادا، شاہ عبدالعزیز دہلویؒ یا حضرت شاہ عبدالغنی صاحب مجددی کے شاگرد تھے اور ان نفوس قدسیہ کے برکات کا خاصہ اثر اس مغربی تعلیم یافتہ کے ذہن و خیال پر تھا، افسوس کہ ستمبر ۱۹۴۲ء کے آخر میں اس دور کی یہ یادگار شخصیت بھی مٹ گئی۔
۱۸۹۸ء میں جب خاکسار پہلی دفعہ دیہات سے نکل کر شہر (پٹنہ) میں آیا تو سب سے پہلے انہی کی کوٹھی پر جو مرادپور کی سڑک کے شمالی رخ پر تھی اس تعلق سے قیام ہوا تھا کہ میرے چھوٹے چچا مرحوم اس زمانہ میں انہی کے ساتھ رہتے تھے، عمر میں پہلا اتفاق تھا، اس لئے ان کی ہر چیز مجھے عجیب معلوم ہوتی تھی،بہت گویا، بہت ہنس مکھ، ہر وقت خوش و بشاش، شعر و سخن کے دلدادہ، علمی صحبتوں کے شائق، بزرگوں کا ادب، دین کا پاس اور مذہب کا جوش، کوٹ پتلون اور ہیٹ کے اس پتلے میں عجیب رنگین کیفیت پیدا کردیتا تھا۔
۱۹۰۰ء میں ندوۃ العلماء کا ساتواں سالانہ جلسہ پٹنہ عظیم آباد میں تھا، جو قدیم تعلیم کے ساتھ جدید تعلیم کا بھی مرکز تھا، اجلاس میں علماء کرام اور مشائخ عظام کے پہلو بہ پہلو جسٹس مولوی سید شرف الدین...
The Muslims of today are overwhelmed and subjugated all over the world due to the bad intensions of colonizers. They are now called the oppressed people in the world. Especially the Muslims of Palestine are the main target of these colonialists, as Palestine is the controversial issue between the Muslims, Christians and Jews. It is the holy and sacred place for all of them. The Jews consider this place as their birthright and also due to their political and social self-interests they always tried to get their hold there by the oppression of Palestinian Muslims. The illegal Israeli (jews) state in Jerusalem is constantly oppressing the Muslims of Palestine. Due to this oppression these Palestinian Muslims are also called the oppressed people in the world. Today this problem of oppression in Palestine is more surpassing. Israeli (jews) people are persistently killing and forcing the muslims to leave this country. Palestinians are now immigrants and seekinf refuge from different countries but unhappily they are also in trouble and in pathetic condition. They are just helpless and even deprived of their basic rights. Keeping in view this scenario, in this article a brief review is given about the history and the present situation of oppression on Palestinian Muslims
Piper nigrum is a medicinal plant and commonly used as household spice, having piperine alkaloid as major and active ingredient. Piperine is an antibacterial compound and its multiple uses have already been established in literature, therefore it is widely used in folk. There are many other potent antibiotics available in the market that contain substituited-1,3,4-oxadiazole heterocyclic ring structures. The high resistivity of microorganisms towards the prevailing drugs motivated us to synthesize new bioactive molecules by combining the piperine backbone to biological active oxadiazole system. It was assumed that 2,5 – disubstituited-1,3,4- oxadiazole heterocyclic ring may act as potent biological active molecules that boost the pharmacological activities to the new limits. The presented research work comprises the synthesis of some novel multifunctional derivatives followed by structural characterization & biological evaluation. Piperine alkaloid is extracted in lab using soxhlet apparatus, purified, further derivatized and characterized. Piperine, by basic hydrolysis, is converted to piperic acid, which on esterification changed into ethyl piperate and upon reaction with hydrazine lead to piperine hydrazide molecule, which acts as backbone for further derivatization. Piperine hydrazide in three different routes changed to 1-oxadaizole moiety by reacting with CS2 in aprotic solvents, 2- Imine functionality bearing molecules by reacting with various aldehydes, 3-sulphonamide functionalities by reacting with various aryl sulphonyl chlorides. Oxadiazoles further converted to oxatriazole by reacting with hydrazine. Overall we have synthesized 83 derivatives of piperine, with oxadiazole, oxatriazole, amide, imine and sulphonamide functionalities. The compounds presented in this work were synthesized according to available protocols in the literature and has been mentioned in seven schemes in detail (at the end of Chapter 1: Introduction). These synthesized compounds were purified through chromatographic techniques including column chromatography and preparative chromatography. Structures of all these were elucidated through IR, EIMS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. As literature showed that various molecules containing these type of functionalities are biologically active and used for the treatment of various diseases. This encouraged us to evaluate piperine derivatives to search for more biological active or potent molecules. We have evaluated antibacterial, antifungal, hemolytic and thrombolytic xxvi activities. Some selected molecules from these series were also evaluated for analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential. The antibacterial activity was studied against both gram positive (Bacillus subtilus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) bacterial strains and also evaluated as antifungal activity against Aspergilus niger strain. We have also investigated their toxicity through hemolytic and thrombolytic activities using blood as a substrate. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities for selected compounds were performed using swiss albino mice, which showed very encouraging results. Out of seven prepared series, the series (6a-s) in wihich piperidine ring is replaced with oxadiazole moiety shows most significant results. Two of the derivatives (6b & 6h) from this series (6a-s) found more potent antibacterial activity when compared with diclophenac sodium standard. From same series 6l & 6p showed improved hemolytic activity while 6e & 6f exhibited better thrombolytic activity as compared to piperine.7a-p series have aryl derivatives of oxadiazole-amide functionalities and in this series 7b showed the maximum antimicrobial activity while 7l and 7e of this series exhibited better hemolytic and thrombolytic activities respectively. A minor change in carbon chain for the series 8a-p as compared to 7a-p display overall decrease in activities, however prominent antibacterial and antifungal activities were shown by 8a and 8d. Schiff base containing derivative, 10l showed prominent hemolytic activity among the other members of this series. Sulphonamide bearing derivatives 11a-e showed moderate thrombolytic and hemolytic activity but 11e exhibited maximum antibacterial & antifungal activities. Oxatraizole containing derivative 12b and 12f found to have better thrombolytic activity as well as good antimicrobial agents.Selective derivatives were analyzed against analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. Addition to Schiff Base moiety to piperine (10h) showed maximum analgesic activity (tail + hot plate method) even higher than Diclofenac sodium standard, while simple oxadiazole (5) and alkyl substituted oxadiazole (6o) showed maximum anti-inflammatory activities.Overall it is concluded that introduction of new functionality to piperine alkaloid made the molecules potent than the parent in most of the cases.