ماحول یا تو انسان کو ضائع کر دیتا ہے یا پھر عروج تک پہنچنے کا ذریعہ بنتاہے۔ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے صحابہ کرام رضوان اللہ اجمعین کو جو اسلامی ماحول فراہم کیا اور ان کی جو تربیت فرمائی یہ اسی کا ہی نتیجہ تھا کہ تھوڑے سے عرصے میں ریاست مدینہ نے پورے علاقے کا کنٹرول سنبھال لیا اور مثالی ریاست کہلائی ۔ رسول اللہ ﷺ نے سب سے زیادہ زور معاشرے کی اخلاقی اقدار کے تحفظ اور اس کی اصلاح پر لگایا ۔ اس کا نتیجہ یہ نکلا کہ معاشرے کے رہزن محافظ بنے۔ مردوں نے تودُور ، عورتوں نے بھی، جیساکہ غامدیہ کی ایک عورت نے اپنے آپ کو حد کے اجراء کے لیے رضاکارانہ طورپر پیش کیا ، حالانکہ اس کے مقدمہ میں کوئی گواہ نہیں تھا۔ آج بھی اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں وہ ماحول پیداکیا جا سکتا ہے اور ایسے ہی ماحول میں قوانین حدود قصاص کی تنفیذ ممکن ہے ورنہ تو ان قوانین کے غلط استعمال ہونے کے خدشات زیادہ ہیں۔
It is with great pleasure that I write this editorial to welcome you to the first issue of this new International journal, “Pakistan Biomedical Journal” (PBMJ). The topics covered by the journal are certainly broad and interesting. Biomedical science is a collection of applied sciences that help us understand, research, and innovate within the field of healthcare. It includes disciplines like molecular biology, clinical virology, bioinformatics, and biomedical engineering, among others. It's designed to apply the biological sciences to advance not only individual health but also the area of public health. Biomedical Research can help health professions better understand things like the human body and cell biology, making advances in our understanding of epidemics, health initiatives, and human health in the age of longer life expectancy. It aids our understanding of infectious disease and provides research opportunities into some of our most troubling health issues. The journal will continue to publish high quality clinical and biomedical research in health and disease later in life. Peer review will remain a vital component of our assessment of submitted articles.I am very happy to have a team of excellent editors and editorial board members from the top international league covering in depth the related topics. They will ensure the highest standards of quality for the published manuscripts and, at the same time, keep the process time as short as possible. We hope to bring best researches in the field of biomedical sciences that may serve as a guideline in health awareness, understanding the mechanisms and its management in future. We definitely look forward to receiving your excellent studies to making PBMJ synonymous with high quality in the biomedical science domain.
Trace rare gas optical emission spectroscopy (TRG-OES) is carried out to investigate the excitation temperature, relative densities of active species (N, N2+) and nitrogen dissociation in inductively coupled helium admixed nitrogen plasma for different rf power (50, 100, 150 W), pressure (0.2 – 0.5 mbar) and helium percentage (10-90 %) using Ar as an actinometer (4 %). The excitation temperature is obtained from Boltzmann plot method using emission intensity of several argon lines. The dissociation of nitrogen has been investigated by both the actinometry method and the ratio of the atomic nitrogen line emission intensity at (746.83 nm) to the vibrational band (0-0) of the N2 second positive system at 337.1 nm. The excitation temperature increases with the increase in power and helium percentage and decreases with increase in fill pressure. The nitrogen dissociation as well as the relative densities of [ ] and [ ] increases with the increase in helium percentage. Optical emission spectroscopy and Langmuir probe are used to diagnose the low pressure inductively coupled Ar-N2 plasmas for different discharge parameters such as rf power (10-100W), filling pressure (0.02-0.4 mbar) and argon content (5-95%) in nitrogen discharge. Both diagnostic tools are used to obtain the plasma parameters including the excitation temperature, the density of active species in ground electronic state, dissociation fraction, electron temperature, electron number density and electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) in Ar-N2 plasmas. It is noticed that the actinometry is an efficient and reliable technique to calculate the densities of nitrogen species. It is also observed that the active species generation, dissociation fraction and electron temperature significantly depend on discharge parameters and may be used to optimize the plasma reactor. Mixture of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are treated for different treatment time (0-120min) at optimum discharge conditions. Changes induced in the elemental composition, surface morphology, crystallographic structure, and structural disorder in the plasma irradiated CNTs are analyzed by EDX, FTIR, SEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. Ar-N2 mixture plasma treatment of CNTs leads to significantly increase the electrical conductivity, modify the microstructure and induce structural disorder and a transition of crystalline phase from well crystalline to an amorphous structure.