مسیحى دینیات اور بىن المذاہب تعلقات

Christianity in itself is a reformative offshoot of Judaism rather than a separate faith. The massage of Jesus Christ was directed at Jews and Jew formed the core of his early follower. In his early stage he was respected, honored and welcomed by his jew community. But as soon as he projected the universalism of Torah (Pentateuch) and declared Judaism as Inclusive religion the community fell in hostility toward him and  led him to crucify. In his early theology he gave the message of love, respect and tolerance to the light of a candle in room. The New Testament and it satellite portions unveil his and of his early followers teachings and their theological trend and behavior towards other nations and faiths. In this article the above mentioned teachings and theological policy of Jesus Christ and Saint Paul, an immediate stream him of Christianity has been abstracted from New Testament. It may help today’s Christianity to revise it religious teachings toward Islam and blasphemous behavior other religions and hence minimize the political tensions throughout the world.   

Distribution, Food Preference and Endo-Parasites in Common Mallard Anas Platyrhynchos Collected from Wetlands of the Punjab, Pakistan

The population survey was conducted to evaluate the population of common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) at ten wetlands of the Punjab. The mean population of ten year at Chashma Barrage (65651464), Taunsa Barrage (1913191), Ucchali Lake (885232), Head Qadirabad (24972), Head Marala (41852), Head Rasool (350), Khabbeki lake (9242), Head Sulaimanki (1515166), Jhalar Lake (10321), and Head Islam (21739) was calculated and recorded. The population of Chashma barrage was statistically highly significant (P<0.01) as compared to other wetlands. Toevaluate the food preference, among total 40 gut samples, total weight of gut was (102.583.451g), total weight of gizzard (39.92 1.279 g ), weight of food material (4.340.170), gizzard weight without food material (35.33 1.208), weight of seed (1.62 0.092), weight of vegetation (1.960.087), weight of other material was (0.940.069). The comparison between male and female showed that the total weight of gut, total weight of gizzard, weight of food material, gizzard weight without food material and weight of seed was statistically highly significant (P<0.01), weight of other material was statistically significant (P<0.05) and weight of vegetation was statistically non-significant (P >0.05). The total 11 species of plants were identified from the gut analysis which were, Ipomoea aquatic, Hydrilla verticillata, Trapa natans, Oryza sativa, Vallisneria spirallis, Schenoplectus litoralis, Nymphaea nouchali, Typha angustifolia, Potamogeton nodosus, Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus alopecuroides. The total 14 samples were found infected with different gastro- intestinal parasites. The six species of parasites found were Amidostomum anseris, Hystrielus tricolor, Notocotylus attenuatu, Hymenolepis gracilis, Diacranterian introversa, and Diorchis stefanskii. Four species were recorded at Chashma Barrage, Taunsa Barrage and Head Sulaimanki. Three species were recorded at water-logged area of Bahawalnagar and Faisalabad and two species were recorded at Head Marala. Hymenolepis gracilis, Dicranotaenia introversa and Diorchis stefanskii was recorded from the four wetlands.Hystrielus tricolor and Notocotylus attenuates was recorded from the three wetlands and Amidostomum anseris was recorded from the two wetlands. The current study has provided the valuable baseline information for the management planning, conservation, improvement of habitat, host-parasite interactions, fitness, and health status of this species.