Assessment of Blood Glucose and Calcium Concentrations Among healthy female volunteers Blood glucose & calcium in females

Abstract: Hypoglycemia and Hyperglycemia are associated with a number of complications including kidney damage, neurological damage, cardiovascular damage,  damage to the retina or damage to feet and legs,  lethargy, impaired mental functioning and irritability. The most abundant mineral in the body is calcium. Its abnormal levels also associated with multiple disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the blood glucose and calcium levels in healthy female volunteersMethods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, over a period of 6 months, after obtaining the ethical approval from the The University of Lahore. A total number of 60 females were enrolled through consecutive sampling technique. Females of all age groups were included. All of the females had gone through routine history taking and lab investigations for the assessment of blood glucose an calcium concentrations. Results: In this study out 60 female participants, 33.3% were between ages of 15-30 years, 33.3% were between age of 31-50 years and remaining 33.3% were above 50 years old. All females of age group 15-30 years had normal glucose levels while single case of age group 15-30 years had abnormal calcium level. The results indicated that females of above age 50 years had low calcium and high glucose levels due to poor nutrition and less physical activity. Conclusions: The results of the current study showed that females with increasing age should intake food enriched in calcium and low glucose and adopt a physically active life style to manage normal blood glucose levels.

Isolation, Identification and Screening of Bacteria from Cattle Gut As a Potential Probiotic Species for Use in Animal Feed

Balance diet is a basic factor in livestock productivity. Uneven and unbalanced dietary pattern is considered a major restriction for livestock development in Pakistan because it leads to decrease milk production, reproductive performance and growth rate of cattle. Livestock productivity can be increases by probiotics supplementation in cattle feed because they have ability to survive harsh gut environment, enhance digestion, improve microbial balance inside the gut and subsequently enhance milk production and growth rate. Cattle gut is rich source of probiotic species. There is still insufficient knowledge on indigenous probiotic species of livestock gastrointestinal tract. The present experiment was conducted to isolate and identify probiotic bacterial species from cattle gut at molecular level and to determine their probiotic potential. 35 pure bacterial strains were isolated from 30 fecal samples of healthy lactating Sahiwal cow. These strains were identified on the basis of morphological (colony morphology and gram staining), biochemical (catalase and oxidase test) and molecular characterization. Three strains (PBC-3, PBC-6 and PBC-9) were selected as probiotic strains based on their enzymatic potential (cellulolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic ability) and survival ability to low pH. These isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecalis (PBC-3), Pediococcus acidilacticii (PBC-6) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (PBC-9) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results of present study illustrated that these three bacterial strains (Enterococcus faecalis , Pediococcus acidilacticii and Pediococcus pentosaceus) showed best probiotic potential and can be use in cattle feed in future.