کبھی نگاہوں کی چلمنوں سے نہ راز کہنا، فضا سے کہنا
غمِ جہاں کو تو زندگی بھر پڑے گا سہنا، فضا سے کہنا
رفاقتوں کا ہے دعویٰ تم کو تو اپنے دعوے کی لاج رکھنا
زماں، مکاں کی حدوں سے آگے بھی ساتھ رہنا، فضا سے کہنا
قدم قدم پر ہے خطرۂ جاں، وہ عزم اپنا بلند رکھے
یہ عشق دریا ہے اس کی فطرت ہے الٹا بہنا، فضا سے کہنا
وہ شوخ آنکھیں غزال جن پہ ہیں صدقے واری، مَیں کیوں نہ واروں
یہ چاند، بادل، دھنک، بہاریں، یہ حسن گہنا، فضا سے کہنا
گلوں نے کلیوں نے کترے دامن، قزح بھی آنکھیں چھپا رہی ہے
یہ نازکی کا لباس تم نے غضب ہے پہنا، فضا سے کہنا
One of the primary goals of this study was to explore how a budget review approach may affect Nigeria's economic development. The reasoning was that the Nigerian economy was being challenged by a variety of imbalances in budget creation and implementation. The study strategy was based on events that occurred after the study was completed, and the data used in the study came from the Central Bank Statistical Bulletin and the Federal Ministry of Finance. A model was constructed based on both empirical and theoretical investigations in order to achieve this broad goal. The HDI, which was utilized as a measure of development, was the dependent variable in the model. The government's capital budget, recurrent budget, and the speed of annual budget implementation were the other independent variables in the model. They examined data using the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model, diagnostic tests such as the test of normality, auto correlation test, and heteroskedasticity test, which proved the validity and reliability of the model they chose; inferential results reveal that the use of budget evaluation had a positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. According to the study's suggestions, Nigeria's government should try to increase capital and recurrent expenditures in its annual budget, both of which have a significant impact on economic development. Finally, the government should work to build budget monitoring and review infrastructure that will aid in the effective implementation of large budget expenditures while also ensuring compliance with legal procedures.
Poultry diseases are causing serious losses to poultry farmers all over the world.Outbreaks of
Hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) are continuously increasing despite vaccination in
commercial broilers. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with HPS severely affect
production of meat and eggs as well as could also lead to secondary bacterial infections. The
species and the serotype of FAdVs circulating in Chakwal broiler flocks are not known at
present. Keeping in mind above mentioned scenario, we designed this study. The main
objective of this study was recognition and characterization of FAdVs.Keeping these aspects
in mind, liver tissue samples were collected from poultry flocks in Chakwal district of
Pakistan (period March 2018 to October 2018). The FAdVs status was investigated using a
conventional PCR assay that can detect the 12 serotypes of FAdVs. The FAdVs were detected
in 8 samples from different flocks. FAdVs were genetically characterized by sequencing
hexon gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 FAdV strains were grouped into two
unique species. Three strains were grouped to the FAdV-C species (FAdV-4) and showed
close proximity at the nucleotide level. The other two strains were grouped to the FAdV-E
species (FAdV-11).Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the
high similarity and close clustering with FAdV-4 and FAdV-11 strains isolated from India,
Pakistan, and China, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships among these strains.
This evidence emphasize the need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to
evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterizationto design effective control strategies.