آہ! مولانا شمس الرحمن نویدؔ عثمانی
۷/ ربیع الاوّل ۱۴۱۴ھ مطابق ۲۶/ اگست ۱۹۹۳ء بروز جمعرات کو نیک و برگزیدہ عالم دین، اسلامی مصنف اور ملّتِ اسلامیہ کے ہمدرد و غم خوار جناب شمس الرحمن نوید عثمانی یوپی کے نوابی شہر رامپور میں اچانک انتقال فرماگئے۔ انا ﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم مولانا شمس الرحمن نویدؔ عثمانی حضرت مفکر ملّت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے چچیرے چھوٹے بھائی تھے اور راقم الحروف کی والدہ مرحومہ سے بھی ان کی قریبی رشتے داری تھی گویا ان سے راقم کے کئی رشتے تھے۔ وہ راقم کے چچا بھی، بھائی بھی، ماموں بھی اور پھوپھا بھی تھے۔ بڑے ہی جیّد عالم تھے، اسلامی مسائل پر انھیں بَلا کا عبور حاصل تھا۔ جدید علوم کے شناسا و ماہر تھے۔ سائنس اور قرآن پر ان کی معرکۃ الآرا کتاب علم داں طبقے میں بڑی دلچسپی کے ساتھ پڑھی گئی اور پسند کی گئی۔ وید اور قرآن پر بھی انھوں نے ٹھوس علمی کام کیا ہے۔ ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین دہلی کے ترجمان ـ’’برہان‘‘ میں ان کے علمی و ادبی و تحقیقی اور پُراز معلومات مضامین ہر خاص و عام سے داد تحسین حاصل کرتے رہے ہیں۔ مرحوم نویدؔ عثمانی جماعت اسلامی ہند کے رکن خاص تھے۔
حضرت مفکر ملّت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کا بڑا ہی ادب و احترام کرتے تھے اور جب حضرت مفتی صاحب کے انتقال کی خبر سنی تو آہ کے ساتھ ان کے منہ سے بے ساختہ جملہ نکلا: ’’آج ملّتِ اسلامیہ یتیم ہوگئی‘‘۔ مسلمانانِ ہند کا سچا قائد، رہبر و غم خوار وہ مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کو کہا کرتے تھے۔ ان کی وفات کے بعد انھوں نے یہ بھی کہا تھا کہ اب دیکھنا ملّتِ اسلامیہ ہند کو کن کن مسائل سے دوچار ہونا پڑے گا۔ چنانچہ ان کا یہ اندیشہ و خیال آگے چل...
اردو اور ہندی کا لسانی اشتراک و افتراق Initially was only language used to express human ideas. In every age, along with customs and traditions, language also went through stages of evaluation. That is why language of each region is unique. This uniqueness of languages is of its identity. Like human beings, languages also have their own families, and different languages grow as sub- branches of language family. They flourish and sometimes thrive and come to life through process of evolution. When some languages die out. Urdu and Hindi also belong to large languages families. They have a deep relationship. And speaking of same relationship, some tinkers do not separate them from each other. When it sometimes thinkers, there is difference between in the two. At a glance, we will mention the linguistic similarities and difference between Urdu and Hindi. Where are places and where there is difference between them, but all of them are mentioned here.
The excessive use of fertilizers and herbicides is frequent under the current intensive production systems. Unfortunately, their inappropriate application is implicating the ecosystem with drastic consequences. Herbicides application is changing the habitats of birds and animals and is also hazardous to human health. While excessive nitrogen applied is partially lost to the environment through volatilization and leaching. Therefore, this study was designed to identify the potential alternative management practices and their interactive effects on barley production. The study was comprised of three greenhouse (Group A) and two field experiments (Group B), conducted at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Greenhouse Experiment 1 was designed to study the genotypic behavior of barley under different cropping systems (fallow-barley, maize-barley and alfalfa-barley) and seed priming (control, hydropriming, and osmopriming) techniques. In greenhouse Experiment II, barley growth and physiological phenomena were studied under the treatments i.e seed priming, nitrogen-fertilizer sources (urea and ammonium sulfate) and nitrogen levels (0, 50 & 100 kg ha-1). The third greenhouse experiment included seed priming, mulching and N-levels. Under field conditions, two experiments were performed. The field Experiment I was to study the influence of seed priming and sorghum mulch on barley production in different cropping systems. The field Experiment II was accomplished to study the influence of sorghum mulch at various levels of N under the same cropping systems. The results showed that barley cultivar “Haider-93” performed well under agro-ecological conditions of Faisalabad. Both, seed osmopriming and hydropriming techniques were effective for early establishment of barley. Among the cropping systems barely was more responsive to maize-based cropping system in terms of growth and yield. Sorghum mulch @ 4 t ha-1 made a significant reduction in density and dry weight of weeds. Moreover, it also slowed down the nitrification rate, as NO-3 were lower as compared to non-mulch plots. Therefore, sorghum mulching can be considered useful strategy for improving N recovery and reducing the leaching losses. However, the cost-benefit analysis revealed it a non-profitable practice, as the benefit-cost ratio (BCR), net returns, and net benefits remained less than non-mulch conditions. Optimum nitrogen application rates varied within cropping systems. Nitrogen application at 100 kg ha-1 gave higher net returns in all the treatment combinations. However, 50 kg N ha-1 was a reasonable rate of nitrogen application with high NUE. Moreover, in case of fallow and alfalfa based cropping system higher yield, economic benefits, and BCR were obtained at 100 kg N ha-1. Overall, sorghum mulching and osmopriming were not proved to be valuable management approaches, despite the positive effects on growth and yield. Therefore, these might not gain practical significance, mainly because of the associated higher costs and cannot be recommended for wide-scale adoption to the farming community. However, if we consider additional benefits of mulch such as weed control, nutrient recycling, soil conservation etc. then it may be more economical and environment friendly. In conclusion, maize-based cropping system under non-mulch conditions and at 50 kg N ha-1 would be a suitable strategy for barley production. Among the seed priming techniques, hydropriming would be a suitable pragmatic approach for barley production.