رام بابو سکسینہ
افسوس ہے دسمبر کے آخری ہفتہ میں جناب رام بابو سکسینہ کاحرکت قلب بند ہوجانے سے بحالت سفر اچانک انتقال ہوگیا۔ موصوف کو اردو زبان وادب کے ساتھ عشق تھااوروہ اس کا بڑا وسیع اورگہرا مطالعہ رکھتے تھے۔یہی وجہ ہے کہ ایک ذمہ دار سرکاری عہدہ کی چند درچند مصروفیتوں کے باوجود انھوں نے ادبِ اردو پرمتعدد ضخیم کتابیں اپنی یادگار چھوڑی ہیں۔ ان کی کتاب ’تاریخ ادبِ اردو‘ کو بڑی مقبولیت حاصل ہوئی، اس موضوع پر یہ کتاب اس پایہ کی ہے کہ ادبِ اردو کاکوئی طالب علم اس سے بے نیاز نہیں ہوسکتا۔اس کے علاوہ’’اردو کے انگریز شعرا‘‘ نامی کتاب انھوں نے بڑی تلاش وجستجواورمحنت سے مرتب کی تھی۔ایک کتاب حال میں ہی’’مرقع شعراء‘‘کے نام سے شائع ہوئی ہے۔سنا ہے کہ دو کتابوں کے مسودے ابھی اورباقی ہیں جو غیر مطبوعہ ہیں،موصوف اب دنیا میں نہیں لیکن اُن کے یہ شاندار ادبی کارنامے اُن کانام زندہ رکھیں گے۔
[جنوری۱۹۵۸ء]
Despite the greenness of youth, it is a moment in a Muslim's life when his belief is likely to be hardened frequently by enticements and temptations. It is the responsibility of young Muslims to triumph over these enticements and protect their Islamic way of life, obey the teachings of Prophet, share Islam with others and study the teachings of the Holy Qur’ān. After the fulfillment of these essential obligations, young Muslims are predictable above all to play a significant role in reformation of society. Within the Muslim circle, it is supposed that youth is the most imperative period of life. Youth as bone of nation plays a vital role. They have the capacity to build nation of towards success in all the fields of life by utilizing the abilities. This is the time in which opinions, habits and beliefs are formed, and it is vital for the time to be spent in individual development. For instance, Muslim youth should dedicate themselves into making and spreading the glimpses of Sīrah in society; by avoiding the temptations of time in loneliners and solitude andwith the opposite sex and of seeking knowledge by following the preaching’s of Prophet Muhammad (r). In this way, Muslim youth will be a spiritually strong enough to serve as a role model for other young people and society as whole. The article manifests the same components in the light of teachings of Holy prophet (r). Consolidating with Qur'anic verses, imminent exegetical literature and sayings of the companions of Prophet Muhammad (r), youth can play an active and positive role in reformation and development of society.
Background: Female sexual function is a complex phenomenon. It integrates all the body systems and is influenced by a variety of factors. Contraceptives have been shown to have variable effects on female sexual function, but there have not been adequately powered studies on this in our setting.
Justification: The prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) has been shown to vary among different population subsets globally. The associations of different factors with FSD have also shown variable conclusions that are not generalizable to our setting. In Kenya there is a high discontinuation rate of contraception and this is mainly attributed to its related side effects. This has created a need to study the prevalence of, and the significant factors affecting FSD among those using contraception in our setting.
Objectives and methods: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of FSD among women using hormonal and those using non-hormonal contraception and to examine the factors associated with it. A cross-sectional study was conducted at clinics within AKUHN. Consecutive sampling of women of reproductive age using either hormonal or non-hormonal contraception was done. Two questionnaires, one on demographic profiles and the other on the female sexual function index (FSFI) were completed.
Independent associations of the factors with the outcome variables were assessed using Chi square test of association and variables with a P< 0.25 used in the multivariate analysis. Factors associated with FSD were determined using binary logistic regression.
Results: A total of 566 participants were included. The prevalence of FSD among those using hormonal and those using non-hormonal contraception was 51.5% and 29.6% respectively (P<0.0001). Using logistic regression we found that the factors that were associated with FSD were presence of chronic illness and use of chronic medication, self-employment and unemployment statuses, alcohol intake and history of miscarriage(s).
Conclusions and recommendations: There was a high prevalence of FSD in our setting. There was a strong association between hormonal contraception and FSD amongst those using it. More studies on this topic in different settings are recommended to investigate effect of each type of hormonal method on FSD.