ڈاکٹر تارا چند
گذشتہ اکتوبر میں ڈاکٹر تاراچند کے انتقال پر ملال سے بھی ہندوستان میں ایک بڑا علمی خلاء پیدا ہوگیا، وہ الہ آباد کے کایستھ پاٹ شالہ کی مدرسی اور پرنسپلی کے بعد الہ آباد یونیورسٹی کے وائس چانسلر بھی ہوئے، پھر حکومت ہند کے تعلیمی مشیر بنے، ایران میں ہندوستان کی طرف سے سفیر بناکر بھیجے گئے، وہاں سے واپسی پر پارلیمنٹ کے رکن نامزد کئے گئے لیکن ان کی اصلی شہرت اور مقبولیت ایک بلند پایہ مورخ کی حیثیت سے ہوئی، انھوں نے ’’انفلوانس آف اسلام ان انڈین کلچر‘‘ پر ایک مقالہ لکھ کر آکسفورڈ سے ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری حاصل کی، یہ ان کی ابتدائی تحقیقی کوشش تھی، لیکن اس سے بہتر کتاب اس موضوع پر اب تک نہیں نکلی، آخر میں وہ ہسٹری آف دی فریڈم موومنٹ کے بورڈ کے اڈیٹر تھے، ان کی ادارت میں یہ کام بڑی خوش اسلوبی سے انجام پاتا رہا، ان کی تحقیقی تحریروں میں دیدہ دری کے ساتھ بڑی فراخدلی بھی ہوتی، وہ ہندی اردو کی حسین آمیزش یعنی ہندوستانی زبان کے بھی بڑے موئد تھے، اس کے کچھ اچھے نمونے بھی لکھ کر پیش کرتے رہے، ان کی نیک نامی اور مورخانہ بصیرت کی وجہ سے ان کی خوشگوار یادوں کا چراغ علمی حلقہ میں برابر روشن رہے گا۔ (’’ص ، ع‘‘، نومبر ۱۹۷۳ء)
Medical image analysis methods are one of the sources for obtaining additional information about the investigated phenomena. We are looking at images of coliform bacteria. Analysis of these images allows you to determine the possibility of developing certain diseases. To do this, it is necessary to cluster the set of bacteria and count the bacteria. The paper highlights the features of clustering for coliform bacteria. Clustering results for real data are presented.
A study was carried out to estimate metal pollution lead and cadmium (Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ) emitting from automobiles and selection of suitable metal indicators which reflect the pollution level in the atmosphere. Two roads i.e. Motorway (M-3) and National Highway (N- 5) were selected for the purpose of study. The dust and plant samples were collected and Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ contents were recorded at five selected sites of M-3 and N-5. The dust and plant samples 50 m away from both roads were kept as reference control while soil control were taken 15 m away due to irrigated field started and analyzed for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ profile. The maximum Pb 2+ concentration (conc.) i.e. 0.00075 mg g -1 was observed in dust samples of Hojan Town and minimum conc. (0.00016 mg g -1 ) was recorded in Kamalpur Sargodha road. The data collected from N-5 showed maximum Pb 2+ conc. (0.000244 mg g -1 ) at ZIS-textiles and minimum Pb 2+ conc. (0.00042 mg g -1 ) for roadside side dust samples. The maximum Pb 2+ conc. (0.00044 mg g -1 ) was found in roadside soil of Hojan town than that of control (0.00018 mg g -1 ) at M-3 while the high Pb 2+ value (0.0032 mg g -1 ) for roadside soil samples of Sitara valley was followed by conc. (0.00021 mg g -1 ) recorded for Chak. No. 60 Saudagarpur to their respective controls at N-5. All the gas exchange attributes like photosynthetic and transpiration rate, stomatal conductance (g s ), internal Carbon dioxide concentration (C i ), water use efficiency (WUE) of roadside plants on both roads decreased for plants which were growing away from the roadside. A decrease was also estimated in total soluble sugars, total free amino acids and total soluble proteins in all the under study plants on both roads. The Pb 2+ conc. was high in smoke samples of bus and coach at Pindi Bhattian Interchange on M-3 and same conc. was noted at Gutwala interchange at N-5. The C. procera accumulated more Pb 2+ (0.0024 mg g -1 ) in their unwashed leaves while 0.00017 mg g -1 was found in washed leaves however low Pb 2+ conc. was noticed in P. robelenii at M- 3 while at N-5, N. oleander accumulated more Pb 2+ i.e. 0.00186 mg g -1 in their leaves while less accumulation of Pb 2+ (0.0012 mg g -1 ) was noticed in unwashed leaves of P. hysterophorus. The high Cd 2+ contents (0.000024 mg g -1 ) were found in unwashed leaves of C. ciliaris and low conc. (0.000016 mg g -1 ) was recorded in C. procera at M-3 while high deposition of Cd 2+ i.e. 0.00007 mg g -1 was noticed in P. hysterophorus and low Cd 2+ traces (0.00002 mg g -1 ) was measured in unwashed leaves of C. ciliaris at N-5.