Introduction
The Divine Promise to the human species at the time of its exit from the heavens – Q.02:38- 39 – was held through ages of human history. It started with Adam, continued through Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Moses, Jesus and culminated with Muhammad. May Allah’s peace and blessings be upon them.
The foundations of Faith are, prima facie, based on the Absolute Supremacy of One Divine Being. The teachings of all Scriptures came from the same Divine Source with the purpose of providing guidance for a life of righteousness within societies along a Straight and Optimal Path
– Qur’an 06:126, 07:16; and The Torah/Proverbs 4:23-27.
The Qur’an is the grand finale of all Divine Revelations and the Ultimate Truth. Allah, The Exalted and The Almighty, guaranteed to preserve its Sacred Arabic Text in its entirety and original form safe from any satanic change – Q.15:09.
Enriched with themes, history, law, images, symbols, language, recitation and a unique literary style – it is a master piece of a revelation that has been bestowed on humanity as a matchless text signifying the very name it carries – Al Kitab – The Book.
As The Qur’an was being revealed on to the last of the Prophets - Prophet Muhammad, in the Arabic language, he would dictate it to his appointed companions to serve as scribes over the 23- year period of its phased-revelation.
The Qur’an contains the narratives of past nations and the events of future generations to facilitate comprehension of the meaning and value of the Qur’anic Message. It also sets out examples and analogies for people so that they may reflect and take heed - Q.39:27. Its message transcends...
Allah created all the required things fo the world since the world was given existence. Human was made its tenant and was equipped with art of living and eversince human life exists in all the corners of the world whatsoever religion they follow, but they do follow a set of social principles in life. And literal meaning of those principles is called religion, because religion literally mean"way of living or manner of living". And contextually religion may be defined as the principles followed to live life. In the light of this definition of religion some people have been confronted having no concept of religion, they are called Communists. But anyone who does not believe in Allah and the Prophet PBUH are termed Communists. In the following dissertation a comparison has been drawn between Islam and jeen Mat to show that no religion can compete Islam in terms of Clarity or cleanliness.
Several 5-arylfuran-2-carbaldehydes were prepared from furfural by a Meerwein arylation. These were then reacted with a few arylhydrazides to provide respective arylhydrazones which acted as the starting ligands. On reaction with copper, nickel and cobalt (d block elements) salts provided corresponding metal complexes. (Scheme). NH2 R + O CHO R O CHO O CH R N NH O C R'' H2N NH C O R'' (Hydrazide) M= Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) O C N H N C R'' O M O C N H N C R'' O R R M O C N H N C R'' O R Cl (A) (B) O N C H N C O M O (C) R (Hydrazone) (5-arylfuran-2-carbaldehydes ) Both the conventional heating and microwave irradiation were employed for the formation of the hydrazides, hydrazones and the metal complexes. Microwave methods were time and yield efficient and presented as eco-friendly, neater and higher yields processes as viii compared to the conventional methods. All the new compounds were characterized through their elemental analyses and spectra (FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EIMS). The metal complexes were further analyzed for their metal contents (ICP-OES) and chloride ions (Metrohm potentiometric autotitrator). Mass spectral fragmentation of the hydrazone ligands was also suggested. Further studies showed that the complexes formed in the ligand to metal ratios were 2:1 and 1:1 which helped identify them as Octahedron (A), Tetrahedron (B) and Square planar (C) in their geometry. Chloride ions when present are perhaps in the bridging position in the complexes. Biological screening of the ligands as well as their complexes was carried out to test for their antibacterial (three Gram Positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Actinobaculumschaalii) and six Gram Negative (Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bordetellabronchiseptica, Shigella and Salmonella) bacterial strains were tested) and antioxidant activity (three: in vitro methods used DPPH method, NO method and Phosphomolybdenum method). These products did not show any pronounced activities however.