سلطان کھاروی دی غزل گوئی وچ حقیقت پسندی
سلطان کھاروی پنجابی غزل دے مان یو گ کوی نیں ۔غزل خو ب لکھدے ہن جیہدے وچ سوہنا لہجہ ،سوہنے شبداں دی ورتوں ،قدراں دی ٹٹ بھج،لفظی تے شعری تصویراں موجود نیں۔اوہناں دی غزل گوئی دی وڈی خوبی حیاتی نوں اوس دے اصل روپ وچ بیان کر نا اے۔کیوں جے اوہ حیاتی دیاں اٹل سچائیاں تے حقیقتاں نو ں بھلی بھانت جانو نیں ۔ایس لئی کوتا راہیں ایس نوں بیان کر کے منکھتا نوں سوچن دی دعوت دیندے نیں ۔اوہناں دی اجیہی کوتا وچ اک ترکھی چھبن اے جیہڑی جذبیاں نوں ٹنبدی تے منکھی سوچاں وچ بھرتو پا دیندی اے ۔ آپ نے حیاتی دیاں حقیقتاں نوں جیویں کوتا وچ روپ مان کیتا اے اوس دا اویروا انج اے ۔
دنیا دی سب توں وڈی حقیقت اے کہ منکھ ربی بھیال لئی تھا ں تھاں متھے ٹیک دا اے تے جنگل بیلے وی کھچدا اے ۔پر رب اوس نوں نئیں ملدا ۔اوہ رب نوں تلاش تاں ضرور کر دا اے پر اپنے من نوں دنیا داری تو ں پاک نہیں کر دا ۔بغض تے حسد ورگے سماجک کوجھ من وچوں نہیں کڈھدا۔
ہووے ذہن جے صاف کدورتاں توں واجاں آوندیاں گھڑ دیاں مورتاں توں
اوئے بندیا! رب پچھاننے لئی حسد بغض جنگال وی کھروچنا سی(۱)
جنگل بیلے دا پندھ مکاونا پیندا اے ۔مورتیاں نوں من وچوں کڈھنا پیندا اے ۔کعبے والا تاں من دے اندر وسدا اے ۔
جنگل بیلے بھال مکائو کدھرے اوہ مستور نہیں
مورتیاں نوں دل وچوں کڈھو کعبے والا دور نہیں
(۲)
Nation-building is an evolutionary socio-political process. It not only provides security, dignity and ownership to a community, but also ensures democratic participation of people within the state to claim rights and perform duties. It enables a state to defend its sovereignty, achieve economic goals, and protect national interests at regional and global levels. Since 9/11 incident, terrorism has become a global challenge. To counter this menace Pakistan also aligned and provided land routes to foreign forces to get access to a landlocked Afghanistan. Across the Pak-Afghan border, through the tribal belt known as FATA, terrorism has spilled over Pakistan. The exclusive status of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), in the past seventy years of Pakistan’s history, had deprived fundamental rights to the people of FATA. These tribal areas were governed by a separate law known as Frontier Crimes Regulations (FCR) made by the British in 1901. This law has proved as the main obstacle in bringing FATA in to the mainstream of Pakistan. After examining the historical and geographical aspects of FATA, the article shows how FATA remained outside the nation-building process in Pakistan. In this connection it seeks to see the position of FATA in the constitutions of Pakistan, including state initiatives to own this western belt and obstacles faced in merging FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). It narrates the events that led to the merger of FATA with the KPK and high lights future challenges as well. It recommends that FATA’s merger would help establish a strong line of defence against terrorism. ______
Development of reading skills is essential for young children's educational achievements. The pre- reading skills development is a complex and time consuming task, (Ahuja & Ahuja, 1994) which needs systematic instructional approaches and techniques to adopt. The National Curriculum for ECE (2007) has not only emphasized the importance of reading in early years but also highlighted the provision of a quality learning environment to acquire literacy skills. However, there are many gaps in understanding of what is emergent literacy development verses current practices at early classroom levels. This paper addresses this critical issue of early age education and presents a small action research in which story telling is used as a main teaching pedagogy to support young children in English reading skills. The main research question was "How can four-year old children be supported in developing their English reading skills in a private school in Karachi, Pakistan?" Through this study I observed and facilitated reading development over a two- week period. Four children of 4-5 years and two teachers were selected randomly as research participants and data were gathered by using different tools including classroom observations, individual interviews with teachers, pre and post-reading checklists and through reflections. The study findings demonstrated that children were able to develop literacy skills when they were involved in meaningful literacy activities. Furthermore, the research revealed that children learned best when the stories were connected with different fun filled activities. The findings of this study also demonstrated that teachers were inserting efforts to engage children in language and literacy activities; however, it was found that they did not provide frequent opportunities for their reading development and also did not engage children in activities which are highly recommended for emergent literacy development. In addition, the findings revealed that teachers needed professional development to implement innovative literacy pedagogies in the ECED classrooms. Furthermore, parents' and the school management's involvement is also important in developing children's emergent literacy. In conclusion, storytelling is an effective pedagogical approach that helps in developing pre-reading skills. Therefore, it should be used in ECED classrooms to facilitate young children's reading development.