مولانا حافظ فضل الرحمن ندوی کیرانوی
علمائے ندوہ کی برادی میں یہ خبر بڑے افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ ان کے سب سے پرانے رفیق اور دوست مولانا حافظ فضل رحمان صاحب ندوی امام و خطیب جامع مسجد خانقاہ مجددیہ سر ہند نے چند ماہ کی علالت کے بعد بمرض استسقاء بمقام مدرسۂ فرقانیہ لکھنؤ بتاریخ ۲؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۴۴ء بروز جمعہ ۷ بجکر ۴۳ منٹ شام کے وقت اس دنیائے فانی کو الوداع کہا، ان کی عمر غالباً ۶۵ برس کے اندر ہوگی، کیرانہ ضلع مظفر نگران کا اصلی وطن تھا، مگر بچپن سے وہ لکھنؤ آئے اور دارلعلوم ندوہ میں داخل ہوکر متوسطات تک کی تعلیم پائی اور فکر معاش سے مجبور ہوکر مدرسہ ہی میں صرف و نحو کی مدرسی کی خدمت قبول کرلی، وہ استاذنا جناب مولانا محمد فاروق صاحب چریا کوٹی مدرس اعلیٰ دارالعلوم کے محبوب شاگردوں میں تھے، صرف و نحو اور ریاضیات سے بڑی دلچسپی اور مہارت رکھتے تھے، انتظامی سلیقہ بھی اچھا تھا، جن لوگوں کو مولانا شبلی مرحوم کے زمانہ کے ندوہ اور الندوہ سے تعلق رہا ہے ان کو مکتب المعین کی بھی یاد ہوگی، مرحوم اس مکتبہ کے مہتمم اول تھے، لکھنؤ میں عربی کی مصری مطبوعات کی تجارت کا آغاز انہی نے کیا، اور اب موجودہ شبلی بک ڈپو اسی کی یادگار ہے۔
مرحوم نے عین جوانی میں انابت الی اﷲ کی توفیق پائی اور مدرسہ کی نوکری چھوڑ کر مولانا عین القضاۃ صاحب لکھنویؒ سے نقشبندی مجددی طریقہ میں بیعت کی اور انہی کے درسہ فرقانیہ میں مدرس بھی ہوگئے اور پھر انہی کے ہو رہے، انہی کے زمانہ میں حج سے بھی فراغت پائی ان کی وفات کے بعد لکھنؤ سے سر ہند جاکر خانفاہ مجددیہ کی جامع مسجد میں خطابت و امامت قبول کی آخر میں اس کا معاوضہ چھوڑ کر...
The enlightened and moderated teachings of Islam empowered every one of the human society, specially the woman who used to be much oppressed in all civilizations of the world before emergence of Islam. Islam gave them an elevated status in all over the world in the status of mother, sisters, daughter and wife. It declared null and void the ignorance rules against them and, prohibited their sexual exploitation. Moreover, Islam gave a regular system of nikkah and marriages for women. The holy Prophet peace be upon him declared nikkah and marriage as his Sunnah and kept its procedure very simple. Furthermore, he described marriage as a gigantic source of achieving chastity, but today in Pakistan the marriages have been made very complex and costly because of the unIslamic customs and traditions. Those unIslamic customs became the part and parcel of the Pakistani marriages which not only made nikkah and marriage a difficult task but also devastated the economic, social and the religious life of Muslims. The Pakistani marriages are conducted with such customs of Mehndi, big congregations: Bharat, beating drums and singing songs. The article briefly discusses status of mirages in the pre Islamic era, Islamic concept and importance of nikkah and the new customs practiced in Pakistani marriages and their economic, social and religious impacts by best use of old and new resources.
The potential for breeding Gossypium hirsutum L. for water stress tolerance was investigated in the present studies. For this purpose, a sample of 50 cotton cultivars was screened out in greenhouse at 20% field capacity. Water stress was applied for four weeks. The performance of 50 cultivars was compared using data on shoot and root lengths, relative water content, excised leaf water loss and relative cell injury in absolute terms, calculating drought susceptibility indices (DSI) and through biplot analysis. Cultivars showing low DSI were selected as water stress tolerant, and cultivars showing highest DSI were identified as susceptible to water stress. Biplot analysis of germplasm under study revealed genetic divergence for water stress tolerance. On the basis of these three measures, CIM-496, 149F, DPL-26, BOU-1724 and B-557 were found tolerant to moisture stress, whilst FH-1000, NF-801-2-37, MNH-129 and H-499 exhibited susceptibility to water stress. The remaining cultivars revealed variable responses to water stress when these three measures were studied. Many researchers had emphasized on root length and used it as reliable indicator of drought tolerance. Therefore data on root length in the present plant material under moistures deficit conditions was used to calculate broad sense heritability (40%), which seemed to be encouraging for plant breeders. Molecular characterization of selected cotton cultivars was done using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Analysis of molecular data did not reveal significant differences in genome, indicating relatedness among the brief sample of germplasm. Results of screening revealed that working variability among germplasm was present and controlled by significant genetic component, which may be exploited through hybridization. Therefore, F1 crosses were developed in the field keeping stress tolerant cultivars as lines and susceptible as testers using line × tester technique. Genetic material was field-planted and 50% moisture stress was applied to examine responses measuring plant height, seed cotton yield, number of bolls, boll weight, lint percentage and fibre traits. The analysis of F1 and parental data revealed the presence of both additive and non additive genes controlling variation under both the water regimes (normal and 50% stress). However, non additive genetic effects were more pronounced under water stress, suggesting the presence of low heritability for all the traits. Lines and interaction term contributed more to expression of seed cotton yield, number of bolls and boll weight, whilst lint percentage and fibre length were largely determined by the lines. Tester parents significantly contributed to fibre fineness. Non additive variation for fibre and yield related traits suggests possibility of using this material for hybrid development, and best varietal combinations were identified for exploitation in drought hit areas.