فیملی بزنس میں'' ابہام'' سے پیدا ہونے والے مسائل کا شرعی و تحقیقی جائزہ

ABSTRACTFamily Business is a very important form of business in this era and especially because of this it merely does not matter the business, but more sensitivity is of close relatives and relationships. That is why it has many administrative, Shariah and ethical complications. That is why, this theme has been created as a field of discussion and research. If the issues of Family Business are reviewed, their root is to leave the matters undefined, uncleared and undocumented. Then the solution to all these issues is to overcome their ‘Unclarity’ found in different aspects. To finish the matter, we should clear and correct for example ‘business status’ between father and sons, uncle and nephew or a few brothers. Similarly, in case of death of elders, the inheritance is to be determined. Then that all the matters should be written in a very brief manner and arranged. It is also possible to calculate the income and expenditure account. It is not appropriate that every partner should spend without any speculation. Then one time it becomes difficult to face each other. In this article, we have tried to review all the dimensions where there may be more problems due to ‘unclearity’ in mutual business dealings. In this context, the first business status of family members has been explained. Then mentioned the problems raised after the death of the family leader. Later on, more aspects of the problem are presented by presenting some other observation examples on this subject.

Implementation of Teaching Based on Multiple Intelligences in the Primary Science Classroom: Action Research

The study is focused on the implementation of multiple intelligences (MI) theory in primary science classroom in one of the private schools in Karachi. The purpose of the study was to explore the possibilities and challenges of implementation of MI theory to cater to the diverse needs of the students and enhance their learning performance. The study was done through qualitative action research. The duration of the study was six weeks. The targeted population consisted of twenty eight students of Class V and the regular classroom teacher as an observer and critical friend in exploration phase. Data were collected through students' surveys (MI inventory for students), teacher's (researcher) observation checklists, informal talks with the regular teacher and students, and document analysis. I have used reflective journal for data collection throughout my study. My analysis started from the first day of my fieldwork in the form of reflections and analytical memos. I played a dual role i.e. as a teacher and a researcher at the same time. The findings from exploration phase were; evidence of lack of active participation (as most students had intrapersonal dominant intelligences), and teacher directed classroom, and teachers' and students' reliance on textbook. The study suggests that there were some possibilities and some challenges to implement the MI theory in Class V. The major findings from the implementation process were; implementation of MI theory depends on the existing context, MI-based teaching decreases teacher-centered approach, and increases studentscentered approach. Data also revealed that positive students' attitudes towards learning science increased. Through MI-based learning choices, students became more confident in decision-making. Students' learning was enhanced and teaching repertoire of the teacher was expanded. Participating students and the regular classroom teacher demonstrated that cooperative learning, choice-based activity catered to students' MI. Using MI theory in teaching science, successfully increased student motivation and achievement. Ethical concerns were taken into consideration for maintaining confidentiality of the institution, the teacher, and the students too. While summarizing, challenges were identified and implications were drawn that provided recommendations for future practices for implementing MI theory.