Problems and Challenges to English Language in Madaris of Pakistan

Language is a communication tool to impart education at every level that is why different languages are taught for this purpose. In Madaris of Pakistan, Arabic is commonly taught as it is the language of basic Islamic sources i.e. The Holy Quran and Hadith. This paper will basically try to understand the learning of English as a language is not given importance, although it is very essential nowadays but besides this, it faces many problems and challenges in religious Madaris of Pakistan. Many factors are involved in this situation. In modern world, English language specially can be very helpful to the purposes of these Madaris. Learning of English language will help to impart, propagate and defend the message of Islam on a larger and wider scale. One can use it for da’wah and calling others to Allah. But some elements of Madaris are not well informed about to this fact that they have not such a larger vision to understand and absorb the facts. On the other side, supporters of teaching English language in Madaris are unluckily blind to the positive, historic, reformative role of Madaris. This situation is creating misunderstandings and these bodies are seen opponents while they must be supporting to each other. This article reviews the challenges and the problem and challenges to English language in Madaris as well as how to bridge the chasm created between the two schools of thought.

Modeling Spherical Image Objects Using Wavelets

Technological innovations in medical imaging is revolutionizing the field of medicine by expanding from simple visualization and inspection of human anatomical struc- tures to surgical planning and simulation, intra-operative image guided surgery, ra- diotherapy planning, and for tracking the progress of disease in patients. The problem of automatic diagnoses of disease by identifying diagnostically significant information about imaged anatomical structures through medical imaging modalities has been studied by many researchers with numerous novel contributions. However, extracting clinically useful information from medical images, in automatic and robust manner through efficient and accurate algorithms for computer-based medical image analysis, is still an open and challenging area of current research. Modeling shapes for digital image processing and analysis in the context of human visual system is an area extensively explored by researchers for biomedical, industrial, and remote sensing applications. Statistical models of shape and appearance built from labeled set of training samples proved to be powerful tools for interpreting medical images. The emerging information-rich medical imaging modalities and sub- sequent higher structural complexity in imagined image has increased computational demand and need of more robust algorithms for image analysis. In this thesis, we develop a shape modeling system for sphere shape image objects using wavelets. In our shape modeling approach, we develop and integrate various simple algorithms to formulate 2D and 3D hexagonal approximation models corre- sponding to 3D sphere shape structure. We demonstrate applications of our developed algorithms to image segmentation and tracking, left ventricle shape modeling, iden- tification of end diastole (maximum filling) and end systole (maximum contraction) phases in normal cardiac cycle, and computation of left ventricle ejection fraction. Developing of fairly simple models for sphere like image objects (structures) in critical applications such as in medical image analysis is a crucial and difficult task. Our proposed regular hexagonal approximation model is insensitive to variations in size, translation, and rotation. These features are desirable in pattern recognition and machine learning applications. The results have shown the prominence of our developed algorithms over previous approaches with less computational requirements.