خواتین کی معاشرتی حیثیت: سیرت النبیﷺ اور عصری تحدیات

Before Islam, women were victims of slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam came and liberated women from slavery, humiliation, oppression, and exploitation. Islam abolished all the evil customs which were against the human dignity of women and gave them the rights which they deserved. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) endowed women with their rightful status and human dignity on both social and domestic levels. In the light of Islamic teachings, men and women have equal status as human beings. In that sense, no one is superior to another. Just as Islam calls men honorable and respectable, so too in the eyes of Islam women are honorable and have an important role to play in society. The biography of the Holy Prophet is a beacon for us. He proved by his practical life that a woman is pitiable and respectable in respect of mother, daughter, sister, wife, and other relationships. In Arab society, he proved by raising her four daughters that a woman is also a human being, therefore, she should also be given rights. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) has left out such enlightening teachings on women's social rights that by following them, women can be granted their social rights. But even today, women are being deprived of many of their social rights. There is a need to bring the social issues of women before the society in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī. Also mention the restrictions facing women in the present. The question arises, what is the social status of women in the light of Sīrat-un-Nabī? And what are the challenges facing women today? This article is written to answer these questions. In pre-Islamic society, women were not given any importance or status in any relationship. Socially, women's rights were completely taken away and some Arab families did not even have the right to live.

Exact Solutions of Different Motions of Non-Newtonian Fluids With/Without Fractional Derivatives

In the present thesis, we will present the analytical studies of some fluid flow models. We wish to analyze two main scenarios, one of which deals with non-fractional (or- dinary) models and the other with fractional models for the flow of non-Newtonian fluids. We use classical computational techniques capable of accurately operating in order to obtain exact analytical solutions. Our studies include Couette flows of a Maxwell fluid under slip conditions between the fluid and walls. The motion of the bottom plate is assumed to be a rectilinear translation in its plane while, the upper plate is at rest. Two particular cases, namely translation with constant velocity and sinusoidal oscillations of the bottom plate are considered. Next, unsteady motions of Oldroyd–B fluids over an infinite plate between two side walls will be investigated. The motion of the fluid is due to the bottom plate that applies two types of shears to fluid. Extending our studies, we look at the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of fractional Oldroyd–B fluid between two side walls perpendicular to a plate. Expressions of the obtained solutions are presented in a series form in terms of the generalized G functions. Finally, the unsteady flow of an Oldroyd–B fluid with frac- tional derivative model between two infinite coaxial circular cylinders is studied. The motion of the fluid is produced by the inner cylinder that, at time t = 0+ , applies a time dependent longitudinal shear stress to the fluid. Expressions of the obtained results are presented in a series form in terms of the generalized G and R functions. In all the flow models, we obtained the exact analytical solutions for motions with technical relevance, both for the velocity field and the shear stress(es). These solu- tions corresponding to some flows in which either velocity or the shear stress is given on the boundary are established for different kinds of non-Newtonian fluids as well as for fractional models. The exact analytical solutions that have been presented in all the fluid flow models satisfy all imposed initial and boundary conditions. Further on, the flow properties of models and the comparison to other models are highlighted with graphical illustrations.