قراءات متواترہ وشاذہ سے تفسیر قرآن

Among different ways of exegeting based on narrative method (Tafseer bil-Ma’thoor), the most reliable form is to interpret the Quran by Quran itself. There are numerous ways in which Quran elaborates its meaning one of which is the use of Qira’aat (i.e. Dialectical method). The use of different variations of reciting Quranic words elaborates its meaning. An important point to note here is that the difference in Qira’aat corroborates the diversity in the meaning and their comprehensiveness not their inconformity. Qira’aat are categorized by the scholars in two categories: There are those that are narrated and transmitted by multiplicity (Tawaatur) while others do not fulfill such criteria and are therefore denoted by the term (Shaazzah). This papers seeks to substantiate the method of interpreting the Quran by both forms of Qiraa’aat and concludes that both of these were actually revealed by Allah and are both reliable in terms of exegeting the Quranic text

Association Between Elevated Third Trimester Maternal Haemoglobin and Neonatal Gestational Age Adjusted Birth Weight

Background: Women tend to have lower haemoglobin compared to men due to menstrual blood losses. This is often compounded by nutritional deficiencies. There is a further drop in haemoglobin during pregnancy due to red cell dilution. Pregnancy itself places a huge demand on maternal iron stores. High haemoglobin may reflect haemoconcentration due to a failure of the normal physiological expansion in plasma volume. Iron excess has also been associated with free-radical damage. In current practice, high maternal haemoglobin in pregnancy is often not given as much attention as anaemia. This study examines the association between high maternal haemoglobin in the third trimester and neonatal birth weights as well as other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Objectives: To determine the potential association between elevated third trimester maternal haemoglobin and neonatal gestational age adjusted birth weights at term. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, women delivering at the Aga Khan University Hospital’s maternity unit who had either normal or high haemoglobin levels in their third trimester of pregnancy were recruited at delivery. Information about the pregnancy outcome was then recorded for analysis. The primary outcome measure was neonatal gestational age adjusted birth weights. Results: No difference was found in the proportions of small for gestational age newborns between mothers with elevated haemoglobin and those with normal haemoglobin in the third trimester [9.9% 95% CI (7.4 to 13.1) and 9.7% 95% CI (6.5 to 13.8) respectively]. Similarly no difference was detected in the secondary outcomes of maternal hypertension, mode of delivery as well as other neonatal outcomes, though the study was not powered to detect differences in these outcomes. Conclusion: There is evidence of no association between elevated maternal haemoglobin in the third trimester and small for gestational age newborns in this study population.