النتائج
1۔ أولاً:
تقسیم قصائد وأشعار نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر إلی قسمین وھما: الأشعار المتشابھۃ والأشعار المختلفۃ۔
2۔ ثانیاً:
شرح مجمل بسیط لأبیاتھما الشعریۃ، ودراسۃ مقارنۃ شعریۃ من حیث الأفکار والأسلوب والتعبیر والمعنیٰ.
3۔ ثالثاً:
أحیاناً تتشابه الشاعرتان في الأفکار والأسلوب والتعبیر، وأحیاناً أخری تختلفان عن بعضھما إختلافاً کلیاً.
4۔ رابعاً:
الشاعرتان نازك الملائکۃ وبروین شاکر کلاھما بارعتان في صناعۃ الألفاظ وإیصال الفکرۃ إلی القاريء أو السامع بشکل واضح ودقیق، وبتعبیر صادق يھز الکیان.
5۔ خامساً:
الحزن سائد في معظم قصائدھما، ولکن کان لدیھما القابلیۃ في التأقلم مع البيئۃ والظروف السیاسیۃ والإجتماعیۃ والعائلیۃ.
6۔ سادساً:
أعمال نازك الملائکۃ الأدبیۃ والشعریۃ والعلمیۃ أکثر من بروین شاکر، کما أن نازك الملائکۃ أکبر سناً، وأکثر تجربۃ، وأوسع خیالاً، وأدق تعبیراً، وأشمل وأوضح معان، وأطول قصائد من بروین شاکر.
7۔ سابعاً:
مع أن بروین شاکر کانت تقل عن نازك الملائکۃ في أمور کثیرۃ، ولکنھا کانت لا تقل عنھا شھرۃً وصدقاً وأمانۃً وعزۃً وشرفاً وحزناً وحریۃً في إختیار الأفکار الجدیدۃ المناسبۃ والمتأقلمۃ مع الجیل الجدید.
8۔ ثامناً:
دافعت الشاعرتان عن حقوق المرأۃ دفاعاً عظیماً، ولھما نفس الشعور في حمایۃ المرأۃ علی أساس أنھا أضعف قوۃً وأقل مرتبۃً من الرجال، وأنھا المظلومۃ والمعصومۃ في عالم الظلم والظلام وھو عالم الرجال.
It has been the norm of the West that they allay the blessings and reforms brought into the world towards themselves as if the rest of the World was drenched into darknessof ignorance. The concept of Human Rights has laso been allayed to the British Magna Carta, though Islam has offered the most complete and comprehensive Human rights foundation hundred years earlier, aboout 600 years prior to Magna Carta. This research article pertains to a comparative study of the charter of Human Rights by UNO and the comprehensive socio-political and economic sphere of Human Rights by Islam.
This thesis consists of three parts of the research work. Part A contains the synthesis and characterization of synthesized free ligands and organotin(IV) carboxylates. Part B consists of biological screening of all the compounds. Part C is composed of deposition and characterization of thin films of selected organotin(IV) carboxylates by AACVD method. A series of twenty-three free ligands (HL1-23) were synthesized by reacting substituted aniline and anhydrides. Three free ligands (HL24-26) were prepared by reacting chloroacetic acid with phenols in the presence of base. Free ligands 27 and 28 were purchased from Aldrich and were of research grade. The synthesized free ligands were characterized by using FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C) NMR spectroscopy and MS spectrometry. Total 66 tri/diorganotin(IV) carboxylates having general formula (C6H5)3SnL, (C4H9)3SnL and (C4H9)2SnL2(L= ligand) were synthesized by reacting ligand acid and respective organotin hydroxide and oxide. The characterization of as-synthesized organotin(IV) carboxylates was carried out by elemental analysis, FT-IR, multinuclear (1H, 13C and 119Sn) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Twenty-two complexes were solved by using single crystal X-rays analysis. All the compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against various strains of bacteria and fungi. Brine-shrimp lethality bioassay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of all the compounds. The selected organotin(IV) carboxylates were tested for their antioxidant, antileishmanial, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and anticancer activity. The interaction of some selected complexes with SS-DNA was carried out using UV-visible spectroscopy. Aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition technique was used to deposit the thin films of some selected compounds (2, 10, 17, 30, 37 and 38) using as a single source precursor.The as-deposited thin films were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. The results revealed that these complexes were excellent precursors for thin film deposition. The results showed that the deposited thin films were of crystalline nature having little to no impurities. The thin films did not have any cracks and were found to have good adhesion.