زیارت قبر رسولﷺ،جمہور اور شیخ ابن تیمیہ Sheikh Ibn-e-Taymiyyah’s Distinction on the issue of the traveling to visit the tomb of the Holy Prophet ﷺ

Shaykh-ul-Islam Ahmad bin Abdul Haleem alias Ibn Taymiyya (661-728 AH) is one of the great personalities whose far-reaching effects of his thoughts and opinions have been felt in every age. The issues, on which Allama Ibn Taymiyya has a different opinion, are the result of his such research as well as liquidation, wisdom, Ijtihad and continuous consideration as well as deliberation which have been based on Quran and Sunnah, the interaction of companions and speculation. In his Ijtihadi issues, there is a collection of evidence and proofs related to the Quran and Sunnah. Most of Ibn Tamiya’s dissent is of a jurisprudential and principled nature. Some of these dissents are against the consensus of the Ummah. Some are against the religion of the four Imams, some differences are contrary to Hanbali School of thought itself and some differences are against the majority of scholars. Allama Ibn Taymiyya also has such differences in which he looks unique and distinguished from the whole Ummah. One of them is related to the pilgrimage to the tomb of the Holy Prophetﷺ. According to Islamic scholars, traveling to visit the tomb of the Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ is permissible and rewarding. The majority of scholars agree on this. Ibn Tamiya’s position and the difference is that if he did not intend to offer prayers in the Holy Prophet's Mosque during this pilgrimage, then it is not permissible according to most of the scholars and imams, nor has it been commanded. According to the command of the Holy Prophet ﷺ, the reason behind this is that only three mosques should be packed, namely Masjid al-Haram, Masjid al-Nabawi, and Masjid al-Aqsa. After the Prophet of Islam, there is room for disagreement with the words and deeds of everyone in Islamic thought. Almost all the great scholars have disagreed with this position and have refuted it with arguments. But their other religious and national services cannot be ignored based on this distinction. In the article under discussion, Ibn Tamiya’s position and his arguments will be critically examined in light of the views of other scholars of the ummah.

Petrography and Lithofacies Change of Tiyon Formation Middle Eocene Lower Indus Basin, Sindh

The study dealing with petrography, lithofacies and sedimentology of Tiyon formation help in correlation regionally and globally. During the Early-Middle Eocene rapid transgression and locally regression in Southern Lower Indus Basin deposited limestone interbedded shale in Tiyon formation in between Laki and Kirthar Formation. The main lithofacies distributed in Tiyon formation is limestone, nodular and marly limestone, highly fossilifereous with interbedded silty calcareous shale. The microfacies are mudstone, wackstone, packstone and grainstone with dominant Alveolinids, Assilina and Nummulities. The fauna are well preserved in similar lithofacies with minor change in France, Alpine, Himalayan and Indo-Pacific region. The Litho-biofacies of Tiyon formation indicates the marine transgression during Lutetian, west to east from Paris Basin through Libya, Egypt, Oman, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Baluchistan, Sindh, Salt Range, Kutch, Rajasthan and Assam to Indonesia. The basal and middle part of the Tiyon formation yields Paracypris maridonalis, Paracypris sapperi, Schizoptocythere sp., Stigmatocythere oblique ostracods which are correlated to Saudi Arabia, Salt Range, Sor Range of Baluchistan and Kutch (India) area but in the middle to upper part Bairoloppilata and Krithe rutoti are common in Paris, Belgium and England. The presence of abundant gastropod species Velates perversus in European countries also confirms the Lutetian transgression from west to east Tethys. The upper part of Tiyon formation consists of Alveolina elongata, Nummulities obtusus, N. pinfoldi and N. perforatus indicates the Late Lutetian - Early Bartonian. The Tiyon formation is correlated with Pir Koh Limestone, lower part of Drazinda shale of Zinda Pir, Drug area (D.G. Khan) Punjab, basal shale unit of the Kirthar Formation and upper most beds of Ghazij Shale exposed in the Sore-Range, Chorgali Formation, Kuldana Formation, Basal part of Kohat formation and Sakesar Formation The Tiyon formation is the unit of Chat member of Laki Formation. This distinct lithological unit with different stratigraphic position should be formalized as a separate formation. The Tiyon formation is deposited in inner to outer platform with normal salinity, clear and warm water conditions most appropriate for the flourishing of shallow marine faunal assemblages. The age of Tiyon formation represent the Late Ypresian-Early Bartonian stage of Middle Eocene.