الإمام ابن خزيمة و منهجه في صحيحه

Qur’an and Prophetic traditions (Hadith) are the fundamental sources of Islam. Muslims believe that Qur’an is the word of God (Allah). Hadith (Prophet’s Sayings, actions and silent approval and disapproval for something) likewise is based on divine revelation. Qur’an affirms also this view: (God says) Your Companion (Muhammad) has neither gone astray nor has erred. Nor does He speak of (his own) desire. It is only a Revelation revealed. Al-Qur’an (53: 2-4). Allah Almighty Himself took the responsibility to guard His word (the Qur’an): (He says : ) verily, we, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. The Qur’an) and surely, We will got it (from corruption). (Al-Qur’an: 15: 9) on the contrary the responsibility to guard the prophetic traditions (Hadith) was put on the shoulders on the Muslim Ummah. The scholars of Islam (Ulamas) try their utmost to collect and save the Prophetic traditions and guard it from any alteration. To achieve this purpose, they introduced different hadith sciences to distinguished between the true and the fabricated hadith. The authentic Sunnah is  contained within the vast body of Hadith literature. Different scholars have compiled the books which contain a large numbers of authentic Ahadith (Ahadith Sahiha), one of them is Imam Ibn e Khuzaima. In this article we will discuss the Imam Ibn e Khuzaima approach towards “Ahadith al Sahiha” in his book “Sahih Ibn e Khuzaima”.

Theoretical Investigation of Liquid Chromatography in Cylindrical Columns

Liquid chromatography is one of the most widely used separation and puri¯cation tech- niques utilizing cylindrical columns. Generally, one-dimensional chromatographic models are used to study concentration gradients along the column axis only, while gradients along the radial direction are ignored. However, consideration of radial concentration gradients are necessary when sample injection at inlet of the column is imperfect, that is when a radial pro¯le is inserted at the column entrance, and radial dispersion is rate limiting. In such a scenario, the two-dimensional (2D) models of chromatography have to be consid-ered. This work focuses on the derivation of analytical solutions and temporal moments of linear 2D models of liquid chromatography in cylindrical geometry. In liquid chromatogra-phy, the injected sample size is small and diluted, thus, the current assumptions of linear adsorption and reaction in the models are valid and practically applicable. The models are formed by convection-dominated partial di®erential equations coupled with some algebraic and di®erential equations. Both non-reactive and reactive chromatographic models, two sets of boundary conditions, as well as injections through inner and outer regions of the column inlet cross section are considered. The Laplace and Hankel transformations are successively applied to solve the model equations. To further analyze the process, tempo-ral moments up to the fourth order are derived from the Hankel and Laplace transformed solutions. The correctness of analytical results are veri¯ed by comparing them with the numerical solutions of a high resolution ¯nite volume scheme. Results of di®erent test prob-lems are presented and discussed covering wide ranges of kinetics in°uencing mass transfer and reaction rates. The developed analytical solutions and moments provide useful tools to quantify combined longitudinal and radial dispersion e®ects, to perform sensitivity anal-ysis, to analyze numerical algorithms, as well as to understand, design and optimize the process.