الإعلام البديل ودوره في تشكيل الرأي العام الوطني: موريتانيا أنموذجا

انطلقت هذه الدراسة أساسا من محاولة وضع تعريف جامع مانع لمفهوم الإعلام البديل وكذا الدور الكبير الذي يلعبه في التشكلات الأولية للرأي العام الموريتاني. واستخدم الباحث في دراسة هذا الموضوع المنهج الوصفي التحليل. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن الإعلام البديل يساهم بشكل كبير في تشكل وصناعة الرأي العام بمختلف تجلياته سواء تعلق الأمر بالرأي العام المنقاد أو المستنير. كما تبين من خلال التحليل عبر مباحث المقال أن الإعلام البديل له دور كبير في صناعة القرار السياسي، فقد بات واضحا أن العديد من القرارات التي تتخذها الحكومات تبنى على رغبات الرأي العام ومواقفه من قضايا تم نقاشها عبر مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وهذا ما جعل بعض الباحثين يطلق مفهوم السلطة الرابعة على الإعلام.

Electron Transport Phenomena in Semiconductor Nanostructures

Metal sulphide nanostructures were prepared by solid state reaction technique and their electrical and dielectric properties were explored using ac measurements. This was followed by their integration with silicon nanowires (Si NWs) to fabricate photodetectors with improved characteristics. The prepared nanostructures include bismuth sulphide (Bi2S3) nanorods (diameter ~20 nm; length ~100 nm – ~150 nm), cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles (diameter ~17 nm), molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoflakes and zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles (NPs) (diameter ~30 nm). The crystallinity of these nanostructures was confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Impedance plane plots of pressed pellets of Bi2S3 nanorods obtained in the frequency range 20 Hz – 2 MHz showed the presence of grains and grain boundaries from 310 K – 400 K. Small polaron hopping was observed as the charge transport mechanism in the nanorods. In CdS nanoparticles, Impedance plane plots from 300 K – 400 K in the same frequency range indicated the phases of grain boundaries, sub-grain boundaries and grains. Overlapped Large Polaron Tunneling (OLPT) mechanism was observed in CdS nanoparticles. The large values of dielectric constants observed in CdS nanoparticles obey Maxwell-Wagner theory of interfacial polarization. Impedance spectroscopy of pressed pellet of MoS2 nanoflakes indicated the presence of two dielectric relaxation processes associated with bulk and interfaces from 180 K – 280 K. Mott‟s 2D Variable Range Hopping (VRH) model explains the conductivity of MoS2 nanoflakes. ZnS NPs and Si NWs were used to form hybrid devices for photodetection. We observed persistent photoconductivity, enhanced Detectivity, Responsivity, and External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) in hybrid ZnS nanoparticles (NPs) and vertical Si NW devices. ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method. Si NWs (length ~30 mm, diameter ~30 – 400 nm) were prepared by electroless chemical etching. Hybrid devices showed ~10, 3 and 10 times enhancement of EQE, Detectivity, and Responsivity, respectively as compared with the Si NWs only devices. The enhancement is attributed to presence of low refractive index ZnS around Si NWs causing funneling of photon energy into Si NWs.