سید عبدالحکیم دیسنوی
سیدی صاحب کے متعلقین میں دوسرا حادثہ عبدالحکیم صاحب دیسنوی کی وفات کا ہے، وہ رشتہ میں سید صاحبؒ کے چچا ہوتے تھے، مگر دونوں میں حقیقی چچا بھتیجے جیسے تعلقات تھے، دونوں ایک دوسرے کو بہت مانتے تھے، مرحوم سید صاحبؒ کی ہر ترقی اور ہر اعزاز پر بے انتہا مسرور ہوتے تھے، سید صاحبؒ بھی اپنے تمام نجی حالات اور علمی و قومی مشاغل کی اطلاع برابر ان کو دیتے رہتے تھے۔ اس لیے سید صاحبؒ کے مکاتیب کا سب سے بڑا ذخیرہ ان ہی کے پاس تھا۔ دونوں میں ۱۹۰۴-۵ء سے لے کر سید صاحبؒ کی وفات ۱۹۵۴ء یعنی تقریباً نصف صدی تک خط و کتابت رہی، یہ سارے خطوط سید عبدالحکیم صاحب نے محفوط رکھے اور سید صاحب کی وفات کے بعد دارالمصنفین کے حوالہ کردیئے جو اس کا بڑا قیمتی سرمایہ ہیں۔
سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی تعلیم بہت معمولی تھی، لیکن ذوق علمی رکھتے تھے اور کتابوں کے مطالعہ سے انھوں نے اچھی خاصی استعداد بہم پہنچائی تھی، ان کا سب سے بڑا کارنامہ دیسنہ کا اردو کتب خانہ ہے، یہ کتب خانہ اس لحاظ سے ہندوستان میں بے مثل ہے کہ اس میں اردو کی اکثر مطبوعہ کتابیں اور پرانے اخبارات و رسائل کے مکمل فائل موجود ہیں جو دوسرے کتب خانوں میں مشکل سے مل سکتے ہیں، یہ کتب خانہ زیادہ تر سید عبدالحکیم صاحب کی کوشش کا نتیجہ ہے۔ انھوں نے اس کو اپنی زندگی کا مقصد بنالیا تھا، اردو کے شائقین اور اس کے ریسرچ اسکالر دور دور سے اس کو دیکھنے اور اس سے فائدہ اٹھانے کے لیے جاتے ہیں۔ سید صاحبؒ سے تعلق کی بناء پر مرحوم کو دارالمصنفین سے بڑا گہرا تعلق تھا، اگرچہ وہ اس کے کوئی عہدہ دار یا رکن نہ تھے لیکن اس کی ہواخواہی میں سب سے...
Status and role of woman has been discussed in almost every religion. A considerable portion of the Scriptures of Sematic religions also addressed issues regarding woman in one way or another. In the light of the teachings of the Bible Woman is a sign of sin, cleverness, social injustice and violence. On the other hand Islam gave woman more recognition and freedom of choice regarding marriage, , education, inheritance, etc. Islam believes in the equality of male and female and as a result in Islamic society woman has been enjoying a better status and position. In this article a comparison of the role and status of a woman has been discussed in the light of Bible and Islam.
Community participation with broader institutional support plays a critical role in making development effective, efficient and sustainable. It offers more powers and control over decisions and resources and helps in making development more inclusive. In Pakistan, history of participatory approaches in government led development has not been encouraging and overall development has been driven by centralized conventional approaches. The Local Government Ordinance, 2001 (LGO, 2001) offers an institutional framework in the form of Citizen Community Boards (CCBs) for promoting participatory development through active involvement of the communities. It necessitates conducting research to determine the performance of CCBs in achieving their objectives and to identify the shortcomings, if any, in the system that governs their functions. The research aims to evaluate the performance of institutionalized CCBs in promoting participatory development in Pakistan. The research adopted a pragmatic blend of qualitative and quantitative methods which include review of the literature to establish an evaluation frame suiting the country context by taking Multan Region as a case study. The analysis is primarily based upon the prevailing practices of selected CCBs and their projects covering different sectors, in-depth interviews conducted with the stakeholders and the survey of the project beneficiaries. In general, the study has revealed many discrepancies in the functioning of CCBs. The existing practices are devoid of understanding about the spirit and rationale behind participatory development approach. The cases studied revealed that different actors were using CCBs platform for their vested interests which is clearly borne out from the nature of projects and implementation mechanism. This tended to adversely affect the concept of participatory development in the region. Never-the-less a limited number of cases where community participation was ensured had successfully achieved the development goals. This in turn created precedent of healthy and positive impact and best practices accrued to participatory development in the region. The factors hindering the performance of CCBs identified by the study include lack of awareness, limited access to authorities, threat from and dominance of elite class, lack of enthusiasm and capacity among local government officials, political differences, difficulties in collection of funds, lack of capacity of CCBs, lack of transparency, weak monitoring system and inefficient role of support organizations in improving CCBs performance. The study further revealed that technical projects could not be implemented without adequate support of experts. This factor paved way for the inclusion of contractors in the projects designing and implementation who ultimately hijacked the projects pushing aside the CCBs and dragging the system into the conventional approaches. The empirical evidence clearly demonstrated that participatory development though looked good, in practice suffered because of vested interests. On the whole, research concluded that the institutionalized participatory development through CCBs could not flourish in Pakistan. Nevertheless, the study collected evidence that participatory development approach has lot of potential under the Local Governments System provided the impediments including the elements undermining this concept are removed. The study’s recommendations, inter alia, include establishment of a broad-based institutional framework and procedure for accomplishment of CCBs’ activities.