اردو ناول میں پسماندگی کے مظاہر
ایک مکمل کہانی جو تمام اجزائے ترکیبی کے ساتھ بیان کی جاتی ہے ناول کہلاتی ہے۔یہ وہ صنف سخن ہے جس میں جذبات،خیالات،واقعات اور ثقافت کو حصہ بنایاجاسکتا ہے۔ناول معاشرے میں نسل در نسل چلنے والی کہانیوں کا عکاس ہے کیونکہ یہ ایک طویل کہانی ہوتا ہے اس لیے معاشرے کی مکمل ترجمانی کرتا ہے۔
ادبی اصطلاح میں دیکھا جائے تو ناول سے مراد ایک ایسی کہانی ہے جس میں پوری زندگی بیان کی جاتی ہے۔ناول ادب کی ایک صنف ہے لغت میں ناول کے معنیٰ’’نادر‘‘نئی بات یانئی چیز کے ہیں۔یہ اطالوی زبان کے لفظ’’ناولا‘‘سے نکلا ہے ناول کے ،معنی بھی’’نیا ‘‘کے ہیں۔
معاشی ،مذہبی،سیاسی،سماجی،نفسیاتی چاہے زندگی کا کوئی بھی موڑ ہو ناول میں ہر پہلو کو کھل کر بیان کیا جاسکتا ہے۔قدیم زمانے میں داستان کا عروج تھا اور زمانے کی ترقی کے ساتھ ساتھ عصر جدید میں ادب کی نئی صورتیں سامنے آئیں۔ناول داستان کی ہی ترقی یافتہ شکل ہے۔
دوسرے اصناف ادب کی نسبت اردو ناول کی عمر کم ہے۔مگر ناول نے اپنا راستہ طے کرتے ہوئے منزل کو پالیا۔طویل داستان جس کے لیے نشستیں درکار ہوتی ہیں اس میں تبدیلیاں کرنے کے بعد مختصر کیا گیا اور ناول کا نام دیا گیا۔اردو ناول عروج وزوال کی منزلیں طے کرتا ہوا عصر حاضر میں جدید ناول کی طرف گامزن ہے۔
ناول دراصل عصر حاضر میں اس زمانے اور معاشرے کی سچی تصویر پیش کر رہا ہے بہر کیف ناول کے تمام عناصر کو نہایت ہی خوبصورتی اور ہم آہنگی ،تخلیقی و فنی دلکشی ، توازن اور فن کارانہ سلیقہ مندی کے ساتھ منظر عام پر لے آنا ہی ناول نگارکے لیے کامیابی کی دلیل ہے...
It is with great pleasure that I write this editorial to welcome you to the first issue of this new International journal, “Pakistan Biomedical Journal” (PBMJ). The topics covered by the journal are certainly broad and interesting. Biomedical science is a collection of applied sciences that help us understand, research, and innovate within the field of healthcare. It includes disciplines like molecular biology, clinical virology, bioinformatics, and biomedical engineering, among others. It's designed to apply the biological sciences to advance not only individual health but also the area of public health. Biomedical Research can help health professions better understand things like the human body and cell biology, making advances in our understanding of epidemics, health initiatives, and human health in the age of longer life expectancy. It aids our understanding of infectious disease and provides research opportunities into some of our most troubling health issues. The journal will continue to publish high quality clinical and biomedical research in health and disease later in life. Peer review will remain a vital component of our assessment of submitted articles.I am very happy to have a team of excellent editors and editorial board members from the top international league covering in depth the related topics. They will ensure the highest standards of quality for the published manuscripts and, at the same time, keep the process time as short as possible. We hope to bring best researches in the field of biomedical sciences that may serve as a guideline in health awareness, understanding the mechanisms and its management in future. We definitely look forward to receiving your excellent studies to making PBMJ synonymous with high quality in the biomedical science domain.
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”: A Journey towards Individuation The strategy of my dissertation project is to take the fictional character of the Ancient Mariner as a particular test case of psychic processes and move towards a general delineation of timeless human psyche. The tool of my analyses is Jungian analytical psychology the preference and choice of which can be argued on many counts. Jung’s emphasis on the extraordinary importance and potential of the human unconscious and with it its archetypal contents are remarkably fitting into the body structure and course of narrative of the Rime. Notwithstanding the equal plausibility and currency of Freudian psychology for literary analyses, Jung’s revolutionary reinterpretation of the unconscious has added a new dimension to human psychology. Contrary to Freud’s theory, which considers the unconscious as a repository of the infantile repressed contents, Jung believes that the unconscious is a sufficiently potential half of the Self that positively and constructively helps and regulates the conscious half. The archetypal contents of the unconscious, according to Jung, if rightly understood and assimilated in the conscious workings of the psyche, may reveal unspeakable human truths. Although symbolic pattern of the Rime has been extensively analyzed by critics and commentators in their respective historical perspectives and mind-sets, a general comprehension of it is only possible through experiences that are legible to an eternal human mind. The basic structure of the human mind (psyche) is invariably the same since time immemorial. Its eternal constituents remain intact no matter how many revolutions may occur in histories, cultures, religions, or civilizations. These constituents, though, may acquire temporal dimensions, their general and universal structure retains its permanence.viii Providing a super structure of eternals, a creative artist helps the eternal reader or spectator (of all times, generations, creeds) to read or watch his/her story in the matrix of that structure. Reading the Rime in the backdrop of a long history of its ancestors, beginning with Homer, Dante, Virgil and that may continue to the last shreds of human history, a familiar thread of parable runs through all its courses of readership. A famous quote from Alexander Pope “What oft was thought, but ne’er so well expressed” remarkably expresses every thoughtful reader’s response to the Mariner’s narrative. This response of an all time familiarity points to something that is universal in nature. This work focuses on these universal factors and presents them with justifications rooted in Jungian psychology. “How would it be done” is a taxing question while taking into consideration a psychoanalytic detour of the Rime.