مكاتیب رسول اور عربی خط نویسی

Islam has borne a deep and lasting impact on all aspects of human life. Inevitably language, which is a crucial factor in the build-up of society, has also been re-vitalized and re-invigorated by Islam. It was Arabia where Islam dawned its early rays, hence it is the Arabic language that got evolved under the revolutionary spirit of Islam. This deep impact has been caused through the two basic sources of Islam i. e. Quran and Hadith. Since our focus is Hadith, hence we shall talk on the impact of Hadith on the Arabic language. Hadith has a lasting influence on the Arabic language, its literature, and the various genres of the Arabic literature. The topmost among these diverse genres that dramatically evolved under the impact of Islam is 'letter writing'. The genre of letter writing has been passing through its evolutionary stages before the Prophet-hood of Muhammad (S. A. W) . Yet the clarity and style that it adopted; the purposefulness that it aspired and opted for; and its utility as an important official correspondence document all happened in the hands of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) . In short, it turned into a regular genre of literature. Letter-writing owes deeply to the life infusing spirit of our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) for its lay-out and design, its aim and purpose, and basic features. Our Holy Prophet (S. A. W) left a lasting impact on the letter writing that shall always be a source of inspiration for the faithful.

Effectiveness of Female Madaris in Women’S Empowerment in Pakistan

This study explored the role of female Madaris (Islamic seminaries) in women’s empowerment in Pakhtun Society. The key aim of the study was to examine whether Female Madaris empower women or perpetuate women subordination in Pakhtun Society. The study attempted to understand and highlight how madrassah stakeholders (Muhtamim) and female madrassah graduates think of women when it comes to equality between males and females or establishing an egalitarian social structure. The study was carried out in two districts (Nowshera and Peshawar) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study was conducted by employing Qualitative research methodology. The study’s respondents consisted of three groups (Muhtamims/teachers, students and students’ parents). Interview guide was used as tool of data collection. The relevant data was collected through in-depth interviews (both individual and group) and personal observations in field. With an insight from interpretivism/hermeneutics, the data was analyzed and presented thematically. The overall claim that the study makes is that female Madaris in study locale produce a cluster of females for perpetuating patriarchal structure of society under the garb of religiosity. The knowledge taught in female madaris is selected knowledge that is controlled and interpreted by men for their hegemonic interest. This teaching and interpretation of knowledge from men’s perspective and its internalization by female students has led them to false consciousness. The assertion that is made is that female Madaris strengthen patriarchy and male hegemony instead of empowering women. Thus, it is concluded that female Madaris of pakhtun society are reproducing the existing pakhtun patriarchal norms and structures. These institutions are received financial support from local and international 6 actors coupled with access to political power structure. The institutions work as camp offices for religious political parties and their rhizomization leads to the multiplication of their vote bank. These Madaris, in return, promise to keep intact the vested interest of the actor/donors implicitly.