ڈاکٹرشہزاد احمد کی شاعری کا فنی جائزہ
سہل ممتنع
ڈاکٹرشہزاداحمد نعت خوانی سے نعت گوئی کی طرف مائل ہوئے ہیں۔ انھیں خیال آفرینی و مرصع کاری سے زیادہ ابلاغ کی فکر رہتی ہے۔ اس لیے وہ کلام میں سادگی کو اہمیت دیتے نظر آتے ہیں۔اُن کے کلام میں بھاری بھرکم تراکیب کی جگہ عام بول چال کے سادہ الفاظ ادائے مطلب کے لیے استعمال ہوئے ہیں۔ ان کی نعت کی مرکزی خصوصیت سہل ممتنع ہے جس کے بارے میں مولانا حسرت موہانی لکھتے ہیں :
’’سہل ممتنع سادگی وحسن بیان کی اُس صنف کا نام ہے جس کو دیکھ کر ہر شخص بظاہر یہ سمجھے کہ یہ بات میرے دل میں بھی تھی اور ایسا کہنا ہر شاعر کے لیے آسان ہے مگر جب کوشش کرکے ویسا لکھنا چاہے تو نہ لکھ سکے۔‘‘ (۲۴)
یہی سادہ اسلوب ہمیں ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی نعت میں بڑے سلیقے سے برتا ہوا ملتا ہے۔ مثال میں دو شعر ملاحظہ ہوں:
آپ صرف اپنے محبوب کا
مجھ کو شیدا بنا دیجیے
پھر جہاں میں ہے تیرگی چھائی
اپنا جلوہ دکھائیے آقاؐ
غنائی لہجہ
شاعری میں موسیقیت نہ ہو تو کلام فصاحت سے کوسوں دُور رہتا ہے۔ موسیقیت کے لیے آواز کے زیرو بم کے استعمال سے واقفیت ضروری ہے۔ ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد چوں کہ نعت خوانی سے بھی وابستہ ہیں۔ اس لیے اُن کے کلام میں غنائیت کا عنصر اوج پر ہے۔ پروفیسرنویدعاجز ؔ اس بارے میں یوں رقم طراز ہیں:
’’انھوں نے نعتیں محافل میں پڑھنے کے لیے لکھی ہیں، اس لیے اُن کی سب سے بڑی خوبی موسیقیت اور روانی ہے۔ ’’حبیبی یارسول اللہ، درودتم پر سلام تم پر اور بسم اللہ ‘‘ کی ردیف میں کہی گئی نعتیں مترنم لہجے کی حامل ہیں۔‘‘(۲۵)
ڈاکٹر شہزاداحمد کے کلام میں روانی اور مترنم لہجے کے اشعار کی کمی نہیں۔ چند مثالیں ملاحظہ ہوں:
The history of Muslim Education reveals that there was no difference of materialistic and religious education in the past. However, for the last two centuries, Muslim world divided into many ideologies which consequently produced separate educational institutions for every ideology. In the secular/modern educational institutions, religious and metaphysical studies are missing while, on the other hand, religious seminaries focus on the pure religious education. In such a situation, two kinds of students are graduating from our educational institutions which do not have congruence in practical life with each other. Present Muslim world in dire need of a comprehensive educational system combining the modern secular and religious subjects in an appropriate manner. Currently, if Islamic world is distressed technologically at one hand, it is divided in many sects, on the other. Therefore, acquisition of scientific and religious, both kinds of education are required for Muslims. In the present paper, the responsibilities of Muslim world are discussed to face the current and future challenges from educational perspective in order to portray a true picture of Islam and its followers.
In this work, we investigate localized defect modes in long Josephson junctions (LJJs) with phase shifts. To study LJJs, we consider inhomogeneous sine-Gordon equations modeling infinitely long Josephson junctions and are driven by a variety of ac-direct andparametricdrives. Perturbationtechniquetogetherwithmultiplescaleexpansions is applied to attain the amplitude equations for slowly oscillations. The obtained oscillation amplitudes decay with time due to radiative damping and emission of high harmonicradiations. Theappropriateexternaldrivesareappliedtore-balancethedissipative and radiative losses. The excitation by direct and parametric drives with frequencies to be either in the vicinity or double of the natural frequency are discussed. It is observed that the external applied drives stabilize the non-linear damping, producing a stable breather mode oscillations. It is also confirmed that the driving frequency lies in the vicinity of the natural mode frequency is much more effective than that of twice the natural mode frequency. Particularly, the phase discontinuities, socalled0−π−0and0−κ junctionsarestudied. Numericalsimulationsareperformed, where novel results are obtained. Next, we consider the external driving force to be rapidly oscillating and applying technique of perturbation together with method of averaging to obtain an average non-linear dynamics, which illustrate the slowly varying dynamics of the considered equations. Theobtainedequationsaredoublesin-Gordonequationswhichshowsome novel characteristics for the junctions under the influence of the considered external ac-drives. Weanalyzethethresholddistanceof0−π−0junctionsandthecriticalbias current in 0−κ junctions in the presence of direct and parametric ac-drives. We also use the Euler-Lagrange approximation to discuss the localized modes in long Josephson junctions for both the junctions in an infinite domain, in the presence of a variety of dynamics. WefurtherstudythelocalizedmodesinlongJosephsonjunctionswithdouble-wellpotential, so-called 0−π−0−π−0 junctions. The system is illustrated by an inhomogeneoussine-Gordonequationwithparametricdrives. Itisobservedthat,theobtained amplitude equations decay with time due to radiative damping and emission of high harmonic radiations in the presence of double well. It is concluded that the energy taken away from the internal mode by radiation can be balanced by either applying direct or parametric drives. The external drives are applied to re-balance the dissipative and radiative losses. We discuss in detail the excitation by parametric drives with frequenciestobeeitherinthevicinityordoubleofthenaturalfrequencyofthesystem. Itisnotedthatthepresenceofexternallyapplieddrivesstabilizesthenonlineardamping,producingstablebreathermodes. Furthermore,inthepresenceofexternaldriving, the driving effect is more stronger for the case of driving frequency nearly equal to the system natural frequency as compared to that of the driving frequency nearly equal to twice the frequency of the oscillatory mode.