علم بڑی دولت ہے
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
قُلْ ھَلْ یَسْتَوِی الَّذِیْنَ یَعْلَمُوْنَ وَالَّذِیْنَ لَا یَعْلَمُوْن۔صَدَقَ اللہ الْعَظِیْم
صاحب صدر معزز اسا تذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو! آج مجھے جس موضوع پر تقریر کرنے کا موقع فراہم کیا گیا ہے وہ ہے:’’علم بڑی دولت ہے‘‘
صدرِذی وقار!
انسان حسن و جمال میں ایک دوسرے کے برابر ہوسکتا ہے، رنگ و روپ میں ایک دوسرے کے برابرہوسکتا ہے۔ قد کاٹھ میں ایک دوسرے کے برابر ہو سکتا ہے، گفتار ورفتار میں ایک دوسرے کی برابری کر سکتا ہے تحریرو تقریر میں یکسانیت کا امکان ہے، مال و دولت میں ہم پلہ ہوسکتا ہے، سونے چاندی کے ڈھیر کے پیما نے برابر ہو سکتے ہیں، قوت وسطوت میں برابری ہوسکتی ہے لیکن علم ایک ایسی دولت ہے جس میں جاہل اور عالم برابر نہیں ہو سکتے جس کے ترازوکا پلڑاعلم کے وزن سے بھاری ہو جاتا ہے پھر دنیا کی کوئی شے اس کا مقابلہ نہیں کر سکتی اس کے پلڑے کو اُوپر اٹھانا تو در کنار اس کی برابری کا تصور تک نہیں کر سکتا۔
معزز سامعین!
یہ صرف میں نہیں کہہ رہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، بلکہ تاریخ اسلام کی نامور ہستیوں نے کہا۔ صالحین نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، متقین نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، اولیاء نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، ابدال نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، قطب نے کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، غوث نے ہزاروں کے مجمعے میں پیغامِ تو حید پہنچا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے،حضرت بلال ص نے اپنے آپ کوتپتی ر یت پر لٹا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت ہے، خبیبص نے خود کوسولی پر چڑھا کر کہا کہ علم بڑی دولت...
Like other major religions of the world, sectarian division took place in Islam too. The major cause of this sectarian division was political in its nature rather than religious. Immediately after the demise of the Holy Prophet (SAW), believers were divided over the question of succession to the Prophet (SAW) which later on culminated in the shape of two sectarian factions i.e. Sunni and Shi‘ah. The present paper will give a complete account of the genesis of Islamic sects including the events that directly intensified shi’ism in Islam.
Intensive agriculture has degraded the soil and yield owing to reduction in organic matter. Increasing cost and nutrient losses, associated with the inorganic fertilizers always demand some alternate arrangements. Maize (being a C4 crop) based cropping systems exploit available soil nutrient resources in an exhaustive manner which ultimately reduces the fertility status of the soils. Integrated nutrient management approaches with green manuring (GM) and composted poultry manure (CPM) may improve this situation. Two years’ field experiments on maize, comprising four consecutive seasons (autumn 2016, spring 2017, autumn 2017 and spring 2018) were carried out at Agronomic Research area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. GM and CPM were used as tools to enhance soil productivity and agronomic nutrient efficiency in two experiments which were continued side by side. In first experiment, production potential of maize was evaluated under six levels of nitrogen i.e., 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% of recommended dose with and without GM. In second experiment, again performance of maize was observed under six levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) i.e., 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of their respective recommended dose in combination with two levels of CPM (control & 3 ton ha-1). Results showed that in both the experiments regarding N and NPK levels with GM and CPM respectively, maximum values of number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per cob, 1000-grain weight, grain yield and agronomic N efficiency were obtained where 100% rate was applied in autumn, 2016. However across the two years, statistically no difference were found in all plant growth results between 60% and 100% fertilizer rates, while the 60% rate was more economical than 100%. Application of N and NPK at 100% rate during both the experiments produced highest plant height, cob diameter and biological compared with lower levels. In the first experiment, GM improved grain yield in almost every season (21% in autumn 2016, 33% in spring 2017, 37% in autumn 2017 & 48% in spring 2018). Likewise, GM also resulted in substantial increase in soil organic matter (OM) (40% 67%, 88% & 88%), available N (55%, 140%, 210% & 219%), total P (14%, 69%, 112% & 128%) respectively. Similarly, the results of second experiment disclosed that CPM improved grain yield in all seasons (21% in autumn 2016, 26% in spring 2017, 36% in autumn 2017 & 51% in spring, 2018). CPM also resulted in significant increase in OM (30%, 84%, 41% & 120%), available N (60%, 166%, 219% & 231%), total P (35%, 58%, 89% & 127%), and total potassium (K) (14%, 15%, 23% & 26%) respectively. In conclusion, continuous application of GM/CPM for two years along with 60% N/NPK rates economized the cost of production, improved soil health and maize yield on sustainable basis.