پروفیسر عثمان ادہمی
یہ خبر بڑے رنج و غم کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ ۱۵؍ مارچ کو دہلی میں پروفیسر عثمان ادہمی کا انتقال ہوگیا ان کا آبائی وطن بستی تھا مگر انہوں نے علی گڑھ میں اپنا مکان تعمیر کرالیا تھا، وہ مسلم یونیورسٹی میں حیاتیات کے پروفیسر تھے۔ ان کی علمی اور تنظیمی صلاحیتوں کا اس وقت زیادہ اندازہ ہوا جب وہ سید حامد صاحب کی وائس چانسلری کے زمانے میں پراکٹر تھے اور غالباً انہی کی تحریک اور جناب حکیم عبدالمجید صاحب کی خواہش پر ادہمی صاحب یونیورسٹی سے سبکدوش ہو کر ہمدرد اسٹڈی سرکل کے ڈائریکڑ ہوئے، ان کی اور سید صاحب کی مشترکہ جدوجہد سے اس کوچنگ سنٹر سے گزشتہ چھ برسوں میں ستر (۷۰) آئی۔اے۔ایس منتخب ہوئے جو ایک بڑا کارنامہ ہے، وہ مولانا آزاد میموریل اکادمی کے صدر بھی تھے جو ایک زمانے میں ان کی جدوجہد سے سرگرم رہی، ادہمی صاحب ایک شریف انسان اور قوم و ملت کے خاموش اور مخلص خادم تھے، وہ نام و نمود اور صلہ و ستائش سے ہمیشہ بے پرواہ رہے۔ ان کی ذاتی زندگی بھی صاف اور پاکیزہ تھی۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے، متعلقین کو صبر جمیل دے اور ہمدرد اسٹڈی سرکل اور قوم کو ان کا نعم البدل عطا فرمائے۔ آمین! (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی، اپریل ۱۹۹۷ء)
Sūrah al Fātiḥa it is a short Sūrah, yet full of facts and meanings, sweat and heart provoking. This Sūrah is the title of the Qur‘ān and the whole Qur‘ān is its explanation. The fundamental objectives of Qur‘ān, faith and good deeds have been explained in this Sūrah. That is why this Sūrah is also proclaimed as “Umm al Kitāb” and “Umm al Qur‘ān”. Its Scripture is related to worship and help. The worship proceeds to seeking help. The word worship has three meanings: devotion, slavery and submission. Allah Almighty, time and again, ordered towards His submission and worship in the Holy Qur‘ān. It is the esteem of worship on which Allah has honored His Prophet. He is the real Lord and all blessings and powers are for Him. He is Lord of lives and we should have trust in Him and seek help from Him. The separation, individuality and solitude are prohibited in Islam. The verses of Sūrah al Fātiḥa (و ایاک نستعین ایاک نعبد) gives the massage of congregation which is the solution of disturbance and riot. Who so ever wants to go paradise, should have attach to the Ummah.
A study was carried out to investigate the effects of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) on mechanical properties and microstructures of Aluminum alloy Al-6061. Teflon and Nylon was also investigated to visualization deformation because of their high elastic plastic behaviour to validate the mathematical model. The severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques were used to increase strength through grain refinement. The ECAP process has improved upon the mechanical properties of light metal alloys like Al-6061. In this process the specimen size remain unchanged and the required mechanical properties are increased by SPD technique. The design and development of ECAP experimentation was done on specimens and equipment used to do with suitable measurements and with safety precautions. The experiments were carried out on Teflon, Nylon, and Aluminum 6061. The die and ECAP fixture were designed and fabricated in the Mechanical Engineering Department at University of Engineering & Technology Taxila. A purpose built hydraulic press having capacity of 100 tons with special fixture was used to squeeze the material through ECAP die. In situ heating of die with specimen was employed for smooth flow of material through the die. The temperature was maintained at upper critical temperature (i.e. 450 0C) for two hours for obtaining homogeneous temperature. A total number of eight experiments were performed using the ECAP process on this experimental setup. II The shear strain mathematical model for ECAP was developed considering the elastic recovery of materials after angular extrusion. In addition to shear strain mathematical model, the load required to push the material through ECAP die was calculated to achieve results. The numerical simulation through ABAQUSTM 6.10.1 was performed to validate the mathematical model. The mathematical model of shear strain and orientation in axis was validated successfully with the 3% error along major axis and 2% along minor axis of ellipse. A series of tests including tensile, Vickers hardness, micro hardness, and three points bend fatigue (crack mouth opening displacement) test were performed for mechanical characterisation. In addition, metallographic and fractographic analyses were performed for microstructure verification. The 3-point bend fatigue tests were performed on as-received and ECAP specimens. The specimens were made according to ASTM-E647 standard from Al-6061 alloy. The fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of as-received and ECAP was investigated and compared against different stress ratios. Different plots were drawn between different geometric parameters and found that fatigue crack growth was slower in ECAP specimens as compared to asreceived specimens. This slow rate of FCG was mainly due to the increase in strength by grain refinement introducing severe plastic deformation. The mechanical and microstructure analyses validated grain refinement through ECAP process. A 25% increase in Vickers hardness, 15% improvement in yield strength and 35% enhancement in ultimate tensile strength was recorded