Critical Study of Moral Teachings of Islam and Buddhism for Promotion of Global Peace

All ancient and contemporary religions of the world like Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, Jainism and Islam emphasizes and attempts to uphold the highest moral and ethical values in human society in order to produce discipline and good will. Some of the religions strictly command for proper observance and submission to the laws and cannons", whereas the other religions do not stipulate strict allegiance to its principals, yet they nourish and treat human emotions and direct them for the general good of the society. On the whole, all religions aim at moral and ethical uplift of human beings, to install positivity in them and imbues the spirit of sacrifice, equality, affection, brotherhood and justice in mankind. Thus, these all facts testify that all religions, with some differences of pattern, propagate the message of love, Peace, equality, brotherhood, justice, Harmony and equity in the material age and greed-ridden epoch where individual profits and benefit overwhelm collective cause and general welfare of mankind. What we have done here in this paper is not to establish that one religion is better than the other but to demonstrate that almost all world religions stand for love, peace and harmony. There is no doubt, that all religions preach and advocate positive harmony among human beings but the message of Holy Prophet (SAW) is the only example who gave practical aspect of these theories. However, this paper elaborates this reality by a detailed comparison of Islam and Buddhism.

Investmant in non-financial corporations: a case of Pakistan

Micro Data use to understand aggregate macroeconomic relationships is increasing after critique by micro-economists on the census data sets, especially after the recent Global Financial Crisis. ln Pakistan, work on investment was done using Census of Manufacturing Industries (CMI) Data. In this study of investment function, relationship is tested with micro Balance Sheet data. Data was constructed for this purpose of non-financial registered firms in Karachi Stock Exchange (KSE) from 1988 to 2011 of 323 consistent firms. Empirical work is done by using Panel data estimation approaches. Different investment theories are tested through a nested approach. Empirical results in Pakistan do match with established theories of investment. lnvestment relationship is established by using Jorgenson neo-classical model, accelerator theory based on sales. Tobin‘s q-ratio theory, capacity utilization theory, and financial constraints theories. It is found that cash flow, q-ratio, firm size, and taxes are statistically significant. Marco variables like GDP, exchange rate, and average lending rate affect investment in Pakistan