سائنس اور روحانیت کی تمثیل: ایک تحقیقی جائزہ

Spirituality is usually understood as a way of being that flows from a certain profound experience of reality, which is known as ‘mystical’, ‘religious’, or ‘spiritual’ experience. There are numerous descriptions of this experience in the literature of the world’s religions, which tend to agree that it is a direct, non-intellectual experience of reality with some fundamental characteristics that are independent of cultural and historical contexts. Spiritual and scientific quests are two complementary inquiries into reality. Any feeling of antagonism between them is a product of a narrow vision. Science deals with what is measurable; religion is the quest for discovering and understanding the immeasurable. A scientist is not intelligent if he denies the existence of the immeasurable. There is nothing that is anti-science but there is a lot that is beyond science. The two quests have to go hand in hand. We not only need to have an understanding of the laws that govern the phenomena occurring in the external world around us but also we need to discover order and harmony in our consciousness. Human understanding is incomplete unless it covers both aspects of reality: matter as well as consciousness. Indeed the division between the scientific and spiritual quests is itself the creation of the human mind. Reality is one undivided whole which includes both matter and consciousness. Our thoughts, being limited by our experience, divide the external world from the inner world of our consciousness, in much the same way as our mind divides time from space though they are both two aspects of a single continuum۔

Social Policy and Women in Pakistan

This research work is related to Social Policy and Women in Pakistan. Woman status is a critical issue all over the world, especially in developing countries. Main features of women''s lower status include poor health, illiteracy, poverty, violence by family members, and economic dependency. They face discrimination in all walks of life since childhood providing asubordinate status in the society. Major issues of women like legal safeguards, violence, poor health conditions, illiteracy, economic dependency, poverty, disinheritance by their parents’ property and lack of government and state support are discussed in this study. Primary data were collected through a structured interview guide and purposive sampling. Secondary data (qualitative and quantitative) were collected through books, journals, national and international reports. The results showed that despite the constitutional and legal safeguards available to women in Pakistan, they face violence, dispossessed, insulted and deformed. The law is unable to secure them as it is not in accordance with their socio-cultural values. Socio-cultural values are emerging from Islamic Law but state laws are in contrast to it, resulting in women poor status. Women''s health conditions are very poor because of inefficient health delivery services and women mobility to avail the facility. Non-availability of female schools tosome extent and poverty add to the female illiteracy. Economically, they are dependent, not allowed to earn and no proper system of social security available to woman in Pakistan. So it is concluded that the existing laws, the state’s lack of will towards women''s issues and poverty are the major cause of their lower status in Pakistani society.