مخمور عثمانی
آہ!دیوبند اوردہلی کی ادبی، علمی اورمعاشرتی زندگی میں چلتے پھرتے،ہنستے کھیلتے مخمورعثمانی بھی موت کی آغوش میں چلے گئے۔طویل علالت کے بعد مورخہ۱۶/جنوری۱۹۹۵ء کودہلی میں انتقال فرماگئے۔اناﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم عثمانی کا تعلق قبلہ اباجان مفکر ملت حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی نوراﷲ مرقدہ سے نیازمندی کاتھا۔حضرت مفتی صاحبؒ نے ہی دیوبند سے دہلی بلایا،ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین کے کاموں میں مشغول رکھا اورپھر مرحوم خوداپنی ہی استطاعت وکوششوں کی بدولت روزنامہ الجمعیتہ دہلی، ماہنامہ جمالستان دہلی اور ماہنامہ آستانہ دہلی سے وابستہ ہوکر۱۹۵۱ء سے۱۹۹۳ء تک ہمدرد دواخانہ دہلی کے شعبۂ نشرواشاعت کے انچارج رہے۔تصنیف وتالیف کاشوق تھا’’اب کیا ہوگا‘‘ کے عنوان سے افسانوں کاایک مجموعہ بھی ان کاشائع ہوچکا ہے۔دہلی سے نورس اور دیوبند سے بشریٰ کے نام سے معیاری رسائل نکالے۔
مرحوم مخمورعثمانی بزرگوں عالموں کے قدردان تھے۔قبلہ اباجان حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کے تودل وجان سے عاشق اورمعتقد اورخاندان مفتی صاحبؒ کے شیدائیوں میں تھے۔
احقر سے خصوصی لگاؤ اورانسیت رکھتے تھے موقعہ بہ موقعہ بڑی ہی حوصلہ افزائی کیاکرتے اورجگہ جگہ احقر کی ستائش وتعریف کرتے کہ دیکھو اس لائق فرزند (عمید الرحمن عثمانی)نے حضرت مفتی عتیق الرحمن عثمانی کی وفات کے بعد جس طرح ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین اوررسالہ برہان کو جاری وقائم رکھا ہواہے اس سے عقیدت مندانِ مفتی صاحبؒ کوکس قدر اطمینان وراحت اورخوشی حاصل ہورہی ہے۔ مجھے یہ لکھنے میں کوئی باک نہیں کہ مرحوم مخمور عثمانی کے پُرخلوص مشوروں اور ہمت افزائی کے کلمات سے احقر کوہمیشہ قوت وتوانائی فراہم ہوتی رہی۔
اﷲ تعالیٰ انھیں کروٹ کروٹ جنت نصیب فرمائے آمین۔ان کے صاحبزادگان اورمتعلقین کوصبرجمیل عطاکرے آمین۔ادارہ ندوۃ المصنفین ورسالہ برہان مخمورؔعثمانی کی وفات وحسرت آیات پراظہار تعزیت کرتاہے۔
[فروری۱۹۹۵ء]
This research work emphasizes on the biography, publications and contributions of the Sudanese prominent scholar ‘Aun al-Sharif Qasim who born in the North of Al-Khartoum, the capital of the republic of Sudan in 1933 A.D. He wrote many books in Arabic language and his famous book “A Dictionary of Colloquial Dialect in Sudan” specially deals with the studies on the Sudanese Colloquial Arabic language and its impact on the literary Arabic language. Likewise he wrote in literature and language and enriched his scholastic life with many publications. This research work tries to convey the most important book and to give a short thought on it.
Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly technology that uses plants to clean up environment from different types of pollutants including heavy metals. The technology is now established in the temperate regions and industrialized countries, however its use in the tropics and developing countries is very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate growth and phytoremediation potential of some crop plants for Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu) and Nickel (Ni). The crop cultivars of three major crops Zea mays L. (H-919, Rifhan-2995, Vaxy), Helianthus annuus L. (Hysun-33, Hysun-38, NK-278) and Triticum aestivum L. (Bhakar-02, Fareed-06, Inqlab-91, Sahar-06 and Shafaq-06) were exposed to varying concentrations of metals i.e., 0, 25, 50 and 100mg kg-1 of soil. The experiments were conducted in pots placed in a wire netting green house at the Botanic Gardens, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan in a Complete Randomized manner. The growth potential was evaluated using morphological and biochemical attributes as predictors while phytoremediation potential was appraised through metal accumulation and uptake by below and above ground plant tissues. The results for morphological attributes clearly depicted reduction in biomass of root and shoot, plant height and leaf area. The crop cultivars also exhibited a decline in photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and total). However, leaf carotenoids showed a marked increase in response to Nickel levels in Z. mays and H. annuus cultivars. The metal contents increased in a dose dependent manner consistently in both roots and shoots but metal accumulation was more profound in roots than shoots of the plants. The results suggested that presence of cadmium, copper and nickel in the growth medium had caused a major reduction in all parameters studied for three crops and their cultivars responded differentially to heavy metals. Moreover, accumulation of metals in roots and its subsequent translocation to shoots also indicated potential of crops to extract metal contents from the soil without influencing their early establishment. A cultivar of Carthamus tinctorius L. (US- 10) was used as model cultivar to reveal antioxidant potential of crops to heavy metal stress that depicted a drastic increase in catalase (CAT), super oxidase dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) levels. As far as activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) is concerned it became evident that oxidative defense strategy to mitigate toxic effects of metals is present in the species. The performance of the species appeared in an order maize>sunflower>wheat. However among the cultivars of three crops Vaxy for maize, Hysun-33 for sunflower and Shafaq-06 for wheat showed a better threshold for metal toxicity. Nevertheless, intraspecific response also varied widely and no consistency can be ascertained for attributes, metals, levels, crops and cultivars except for maize which can be a crop of choice for metal contaminated soil. The study further necessitated to address insights of the molecular mechanisms that exist in juvenile plants because only tolerant juveniles are able to produce tolerant adults and vegetative success always leads to reproductive success. Moreover, the inter and intraspecific responses of crop plants thus can provide useful information for the economic utilization of metal contaminated sites as well as their exploitation for phytoremediation technologies without affecting their growth potential and early establishment.