The Creation of Universe in the Light of Quran

The Quran describes itself as a book of guidance. Sura l-Baqarah, verse (67) states:   قَالَ أعُوْذُ بِاللّٰہِ اأنْ أَکُوْنَ مِنَ الْجَھِلِیْنَ۔He said, "I seek refuge in Allah from being among the ignorant. "The Qur'an does not render a coordinated description of the universe Creation and how it will end. In lieu of a continuous story of creation and cease, there are verses dispersed all over the Quran which deal with certain aspects of the universe’s Creation and end. These scattered verses provide information on the sequential events marking its development with varying degrees of detail. The primary objective of this paper is to analyze the Quranic Concept of Universe. The idea of steady state by Hermann Bondi, Thomas Gold, and Fred Hoyle (1948) suggests that this universe is created with big bang, it is expanding and it would be the same, always static, always contracting or always expanding with no end. This is in contrast with the pulsating theory of the accelerating expansion will result in weak gravity which will cause the universe to contract. When this contraction will condense everything back into one single point, this rapid compression will lead to another explosion (often referred to as mini big bang). As a result of which the universe will start expanding again. Hence it results in a pulsating universe in which there is alternate expansion and contraction of universe.  

The Effect of Moderated Mediation of Affective Commitment and Tenure on Proactive Work Behaviour: Role of Individual and Situational Antecedents

This research examines the impact of psychological contract breach (PCB) and organizational climate (OC) on the affective commitment and the effect of commitment on the proactive work behaviour of employees in four different sectors of Karachi, Pakistan. The study looks into affective commitment as performing the role of a mediator in linking PCB and climate with proactive work behaviours. The research also observes the moderation of tenure between the two links. The model is evaluated through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) through AMOS. In Pakistan, no such research has been taken up to observe the links between situational and psychological antecedents with proactive behaviour of employees. The present research makes an effort to fill this gap. Results of the research indicate that psychological contract breach (PCB) is inversely related to affective commitment while positive influence exists between organizational climate and affective commitment. Also affective commitment has a direct positive influence on proactive work behaviours. Psychological contract breach has full mediation while organizational climate has partial mediation effects on proactive work behaviour through affective commitment. Besides these variables, tenure also turned out to be a strong moderator of these links and thus moderated mediation tend to occur in the data set, the model is a good fit and it is significant. The findings support affective commitment as the mediator in the relationships between psychological contract breach, organizational climate with proactive work behaviour. The results provide guidelines and significant implications to help top managers and HR department to better understand and critically look into the current organizational climate and psychological contract created between the immediate manager and subordinate for increasing affective commitment and subsequently increasing proactive work behaviours. Furthermore, this study helps inEffect of Moderated Mediation on Proactive Work Behaviours 7 enriching the current body of knowledge on proactive behaviours in developing countries. Future studies should examine other antecedents like organizational citizenship behaviour and perceived organizational support to have a holistic approach. Replication of this study in other settings is also suggested.