صارفین کے حقوق: معاصر پاکستانی قوانین اور سیرت نبوی ﷺ کا تقابلی مطالعہ

In order to protect consumer rights, the government has made regular legislation on national and provincial level. In which the rights of the consumers are clearly explained. These rules are contemporary and comprehensive, those who are more likely to ensure the protection of consumer rights. With the help of these laws, different issues and conflicts of consumers can be resolved. The Sharia, the rights reserved for the users/consumers are also of a wide variety. In this article first the contemporary laws of Pakistan about the consumers protections has been explained and then in the lights of Saying of Muhammad (PBUH) the rights of users and consumers have been mentioned in details, in the last the comparison of the both laws is presented.

Mediational Role of Job Satisfaction Between Servant Leadership and Employees Loyalty and Organizational Performance in Universities of Peshawar

This study examines the meditational role of job satisfaction in the effects of servant leadership on employees’ loyalty and organizational performance at the universities of Peshawar. Empirical support for such relationship was provided through a sample of 308 faculty members from 17 universities of Peshawar. UsingBarbuto and Wheeler (2006), questionnaire of servant leadership, job satisfaction questionnaire Minnesota satisfaction survey (MSQ), Weiss et al. (1967), employees’ loyalty survey questionnaire (Pandey & Khare, 2012), organizational performance questionnaire (Katou & Budhwar, 2010) and a demographic survey, the data was collected through survey. Evidence supported the reliability and validity of instruments.The results indicate that there is an affirmative direct influence of servant leadership on organizational performance and employees’ loyalty, but this relation becomes stronger when it assesses the indirect influence through job satisfaction as a mediator. Path analysis was used and found significant positive correlation between servant leadership, employees’ loyalty, and organizational performance; job satisfaction is found to play a partial mediating role between them. Theoretically, it contributes to the verification of job satisfaction as intervening variable between servant leadership, employees’ loyalty and organizational performance. The findings provide a course of action and important implication to assist management in understanding servant leadership and job satisfaction better. Therefore, to enhance organizational performance and employees’ loyalty, the leader of the university ought not just adopt servant leadership behavior yet in addition think about the satisfaction of the faculty. Further research on other variables such as changing servant leadership and job satisfaction dimensions and replication of the study in other setting is also recommended for further studies.