الأصول الجامعة بين كبرى الفرق الإسلامية

The Muslim nation shows great diversity in many ways: Ethnical, lingual, tribal, racial, colour, cultural, etc. Nevertheless, such differences have never been supposed to impede their way to their unity. The Muslim nation has far more reasons and mutual foundations to be united. But unfortunately, the Muslim history witnesses squabbles and skirmishes between different sects of this otherwise one Ummah. These disputes led us to the recesses of ignorance and intolerance, which in turn left us lagging behind the world and advancement, and now, we are called the third world, which is not an honour any way. We need to work on the similarities between different sects of the Muslim nation and let them learn how to live together keeping their differences. So that they may get united. All the Muslims sects fundamentally believe in the same set of beliefs, practices, and rituals. The differences in these areas are the differences of diversity and extensions, not of contradiction. This diversity is the beauty of deliberation and discussion, hence a reason for knowledge to grow, it should not be a matter of contentions. We need to highlight the mutual common grounds of Islamic beliefs and religiosity among the sects to unite this nation. We need to teach how to tolerate and respect each other with difference of opinions. We should encourage constructive dialogues between the Muslims sects and let them understand point of views of each other and thus remove the misconception about; each other. We should curb the contentious and discordant voices and build up an atmosphere where a healthy, tolerant and heterogeneous society may emerge and pave the way to Muslim unity and thence to success in this life and the life to come after death. In this perspective, the author of his present study explores to find the teachings and guidance of Islam. This is the theme of the present study.

An Assessment of Pak-Afghan Relations, Since 1947 Upto 2001

It’s make the most important issue after Soviet Union’s invasion on Afghanistan in 1979, and event of 9/11/2001, Brought forth an entirely new situation not only for Pakistan, s domestic and external policies but for all the regional countries and world. Its impact on relations between the two historical, traditional friends and neighboring Muslim countries, Pakistan and Afghanistan. The main purpose of the research is to explore and examine the key aspects and interactions between the two countries by focusing attention on the political, economical and other policies of the two countries. The study begins from the time of indepdence of Pakistan in 1947 to 2001. The central point of the study focuses upon the hypothesis that ‘’since 1978 Pak- Afghan diplomacy have remained very successful in achieving their foreign policy objectives.’’ The study analyses the different geo-strategic perceptions and conflicting interests on the regional and global issue, which ultimately made these tradional friends and immediate neighbors’ avirtualrivals and strong competitors. The purpose is to make a good attempt to study the various aspects of Pak-Afghan relations in the context of rapidly geo-strategic environment, and to explore the potentional areas that could provide new avenues for improvement in the bilateral relations between these two brotherly neighboring countries. The study will also help to understand the concerns of the two countries under study vis –a-vis various bilateral as well as multilateral issues that the figure in the overall context of regional peace and stability. The impact of these relations would be analyzed through the local, regional, and International dynamic. Moreover, various turns and twists that Pak-Afghan relations have taken during the five-decad have been elaborateh upon Different theories, approaches and methods have been used in order to examine, analyze, and to access the depth and the nature of relationship between the two countries.