مولانا سید محمد ادریس سکروڈوی
افسوس ہے پچھلے دنوں مولانا سید محمد ادریس صاحب سکروڈوی کامظفر نگر میں انتقال ہوگیا۔مرحوم دارالعلوم دیوبند کے قدیم اساتذہ میں سے تھے یوں پڑھانے کو توسب ہی کچھ پڑھا سکتے تھے لیکن ہئیت اُن کاخاص فن تھا۔ہنسی ہنسی میں اس فن کے اہم نکات بیان کرجاتے تھے۔ بظاہر بڑے بھولے بھالے اور سیدھے لیکن درحقیقت نہایت ذی فہم اوربڑی سوجھ بوجھ کے انسان تھے۔درس کے شغل کے ساتھ تھوڑا بہت کوئی نہ کوئی تجارتی کاروبار بھی کرتے رہتے تھے۔ ہم لوگوں کے ساتھ خصوصیت کی سب سے بڑی وجہ یہ تھی کہ حضرت الاستاذ مولانا سید محمد انورشاہ ؒ کے خاص خادم تھے۔دیرینہ تعلق وصحبت نے خادم ومخدوم میں بے تکلفی کی شان پیداکردی تھی اورمرحوم حضرت الاستاذ کے تمام اعزا و اقربا اور تلامذۂ خاص،یہ سب لوگ مرحوم کو اپنا عزیز سمجھتے اوراُن کے ساتھ ایساہی معاملہ رکھتے تھے۔انھیں دیکھ کر بے ساختہ حضرت الاستاذ یادآجاتے تھے اورکوئی موضوع گفتگو ہوہرپھر کے حضرت الاستاذ کاذکر آہی جاتا تھا۔حق تعالیٰ رحمت ومغفرت کی نعمتوں سے سرفرازفرمائے۔آمین [نومبر۱۹۵۷ء]
This article maps the role of religion in the prevalence and promotion of honour killing in tribal areas of Pakistan. Through simple sampling method a sample size of 377 respondents, comprising of ‘Maliks’ were selected from the study universe. The collected data was interpreted and presented at uni-variate, bi-variate and multi-variate levels. Chi-square test statistics were used to draw association between dependent variable (honour killing) and independent variable (religion) both at bi-variate and multi-variate levels. The study found a significant relationship of honour killing with the importance of religion in people lives, alienation from the religious teachings, dominance of cultural values over religion, existence of honour killing in all religious sects (Shia and Sunni), and lack of factual religious knowledge about honour killing. Moreover, a non-significant relationship of honour killing was found with permission of honour killing in Islam, and religious clerics often speak about honour killing in religious sermons. Understanding of women and their rights in light of the teachings of Islam, religious clerics need to perform their true role, and killing in either shape needs to be propagated as against the religion were presented some of the policy recommendations in lights of the study results.
Wastewater from agrochemical industries is disposed off without any treatment into nearby water bodies; hence there is a dire need to improve remediation approaches for its removal from environment. It is hypothesized that bacterial strains present in wastewater, after acclimatization, could use Chlorpyrifos (CP) as a sole source of carbon and energy and convert it into less toxic substances, both in free as well as immobilized form. Current study aimed at isolation of bacterial consortium capable of efficient CP biodegradation in mineral salt media (MSM), simulated pesticide wastewater (SWW) and real industrial wastewater (WW) in free and immobilized form. In order to produce environmentally stable immobilization matrix for bacterial consortium, potential of calcium alginate matrix coupled with polysulfone was investigated. Biodegradation potential of bacterial consortium isolated from wastewater and agricultural soil, for CP in MSM, SWW and WW was investigated. Bacterial consortium was immobilized in Calcium Alginate Microspheres (CAMs) and coated with polysulfone to produce environmentally stable macrocapsules (MCs). Bacterial strains were identified using 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence analysis as Pseudomonas kilonensis SRK1 (KT013088), Serratia marcescens SRK2 (KT013089), Bacillus pumilus SRK4 (KT013091), Achromobacter xylosoxidans SRK5 (KT013092) and Klebsiella sp. T13 (KT013093). About 98% CP removal was observed at initial CP concentration of 400 mg/L in 48 h in MSM when free cells were used as consortium. In WW bacterial consortium achieved ~29% removal efficiency of initial CP concentration (545 mg/L). After pH adjustment and addition of glucose in WW >97% CP removal efficiency was achieved in WW. MCs have high thermal, pH and chemical stability than CAMs. Complete biodegradation of CP (100-600 mg/L) was achieved using MCs within 18 h much less than free cells. CAMs and MCs retain >96% residual activity in MSM upto 5 and 13 cycles respectively. In WW >90 residual activity was maintained upto 11batches by MCs. MCs have shown unaltered biomass retention and residual activity (95%) over 16 weeks of storage. GCMS analysis has shown 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), 3, 5, 6-trichloro-2methoxypyridine (TMP) and diethyl-thiophosphate (DETP) as metabolites. MCs have shown considerable benefits over free cells i.e. tolerance for higher CP concentration, complete removal in short duration, reusability, stability, protecting bacterial cells against nontargeted compounds present in wastewater. Study advances potential for field application of immobilized bacteria for biotreatment of pesticide contaminated wastewater.