ڈاکٹر محمد مصطفےٰ زرقاء
گزشتہ دنوں عالم عرب کے ممتاز ماہر فقہ ڈاکٹر محمد مصطفےٰ زرقاء نے بھی اس جہاں فانی کو خیر باد کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
ڈاکٹر صاحب اسلامی فقہ وقانون میں سند کا درجہ رکھتے تھے، ان کی کتاب المدخل الفقھی العام اصول فقہ میں نہایت بلند پایہ خیال کی جاتی اور مرجع و ماخذ کی حیثیت رکھتی ہے، وہ اپنی غیر معمولی فقہی بصیرت کی بنا پر شام میں وزیر انصاف کے عہدہ پر بھی فائز ہوئے۔ ان کے عالمانہ و محققانہ مضامین کے اردو رسالوں میں ترجمے برابر چھپتے رہتے تھے معارف کو بھی ان کے مضامین کے ترجموں کی اشاعت کا فخر حاصل ہے۔ مجلہ البعث الاسلامی لکھنو میں ان کے متعدد مضامین شایع ہوئے ہیں۔ فقہ کے علاوہ دوسرے اسلامی علوم خصوصاً تفسیر و حدیث سے بھی ان کو خاص مناسبت تھی۔ الولدسرلابیہ کے مصداق ان کے فرزند ارجمند ڈاکٹر محمد انس زرقا بھی فقہ اسلامی کے ممتاز اسکالر ہیں جن کے بعض مضامین کا ترجمہ معارف میں شایع ہوچکا ہے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ علم و دین کے اس خادم کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ آمین!! (عارف عمری، اگست ۱۹۹۹ء)
Indeed, nobody can deny the role and importance of women in any peaceful society. Their contribution is not only essential to enhance the living standard but also they are life blood of prosperity and beauty of this universe. In each & every field of life their need is felt but regrettably, it is not realized by all that how much women have experienced discrimination and deprivation of their rights and freedom. Many of restrictions and limitations faced by them are due to culture and tradition. Although women play an important role in the development and success of men, but do not get any reward for their allegiance, loyalty and devotion. Islam acknowledged equality of women with men in a great way. In Islam women get a praiseworthy and admirable position which no religion ever gave them. Islam defined their duties and ordered to treat them equally but in spite of all that the woman of today’s Muslim world in general and Pakhtun society in particular is not entertaining their rights and status. This study specifically focusses on highlighting one of the Pakhtun customs and its aspects that badly violate the religious teachings regarding the Women marriage Status and there will also be some recommendations in order to eradicate these unlawful trends from society as to empower the women in real sense.
Disease associated risk factors in premenopausal women includes professional and household stresses. While in post menopausal women the major factor is sedentary life style. Physiological characteristic have shown that the major risks associated with the aggressiveness of tumor are the receptor status especially triple negative (ER, PR and her2/neu) in both premenopausal and post menopausal women. Techniques of ELISA SEC, HPLC were tried to find out the method for estimation of the level of MUCI/CA15- 3 that showed an early detection and that was also economical. Computational protein modeling was used to predict secondary structure of MUC1. Predicted secondary structure of MUC1/CA 15-3 contains 6.0% helix, 7.9% strand or β-pleated sheet and 86.1% loop. Percentage composition shows an increased number of alanine, proline, serine, tyrosine, valine and glycine in helix, strand and turn or loop structure that indicates its basic and hydrophobic characteristics. MUC1/CA 15-3 comprises of an extracellular domain and a membrane associated domain. A junction of 3 amino acid units i.e. Cys-Gln-Cys between the extracellular subunit and transmembrane subunit is also observed. This motif is necessary for surface expression. The extracellular subunit consists of a tandem repeat unit that consist 20 amino acid residues i.e sapdnkpags and tappahgvts. This region of MUC1 may be used as vaccine for breast cancer. The subcellular subunit of MUC1 mainly consists of immunodominant DTR motif at 922 postion of the domain, is haeavily glycosylated and may protect the cell from any of the foreign body or tumor cell. The other subunit of MUC1/CA 15-3 consists of 17 amino acid residues. This subunit is associated with the plasma membrane. xixPost translational modifications (glycosylation, phosphorylation and myristoylation) are mainly observed in extracellular subunit. Several phosphorylation sites, Myristoylation sites and some glycosylation sites of tandem repeat region were predicted in MUC1/CA 15-3. It was observed that due to these modifications, the protein performed different functions. Alignment of the sequence of MUC1/CA 15-3 with the other family member of mucins (MUC2- MUC12) shows highest homology of MUC1/CA 15-3 with MUC4. The property of breast tumor to produce mucinous antigen was used for the synthesis of vaccine using the experimental mice. Electrophoretic technique was used to confirm the production of antibody that may be effective against antigen of MUC1/CA 15-3. The conclusion is that CA 15-3 is a transmembrane glycoprotein having basic and hydrophobic charecterstics. The most important part of this protein is extracellular and transmembrane subunits. These subunits of protein undergo posttranslational modification and are important in immunization and vaccine formation.