آغا شورش کاشمیری
مولانا محمد میاں کے ماتم میں ابھی اشک غم دیدۂ پُرنم میں خشک بھی نہیں ہوئے تھے کہ اچانک لاہور سے آغا شورش کاشمیری کے انتقال پرملال کی خبرملی اورجی دھک سے ہوکررہ گیا۔اردو صحافت و جزنلزم کی تاریخ میں دبستان ظفر علی خاں نے پنجاب میں ارباب قلم اوراصحاب شعرو ادب کی جو ایک نہایت عظیم الشان اور نامور نسل پیداکی ہے، مرحوم اس کے گل سرسبد تھے۔نوعمری میں ہی قومی اور ملی تحریکات میں سرگرمی اورجوش کے ساتھ عملاً شریک ہوجانے کے باعث تعلیم کبھی ڈھنگ سے نہیں پائی اورنہ اس کی تکمیل کی لیکن تحریر وتقریر کاملکہ خداداد تھا، مولانا ظفر علی خاں،سید عطاء اﷲ شاہ بخاری اوردوسرے زعمائے مجلس احرار نے اس کو جلا دی، نتیجہ یہ ہوا کہ اردوزبان کے منفرد صحافی،ادیب،بلندپایہ زودگوشاعر اورشعلہ بیان خطیب و مقرر بن گئے۔ان کو نثرونظم دونوں پربلا کی قدرت تھی اوردونوں میں خطابت کا رنگ جھلکتاتھا، اس اعتبار سے ان کے عبقری ہونے میں کوئی شبہ نہیں ہے۔ ان اوصاف وکمالات کے ساتھ اگر ان میں مصلحت پسندی بھی ہوتی توان کے لیے کیا کچھ نہیں تھا لیکن انھوں نے اصحاب دارورسن کی راہ اختیار کی اوراس جوش وجذبہ کے ساتھ کہ عمرعزیز کاایک بڑاحصہ قیدوبند میں گزارنا پڑا۔ابھی چند ماہ پہلے اُن کامحبت نامہ جواڈیٹر برہان کے نام آیاتھا اس میں بڑی حسرت سے لکھا تھا:’’اس قید وبندنے مجھے کہیں کا نہیں رکھا اورمجھ میں کچھ نہیں رہا، تمناہے کہ زندگی میں ایک بار آپ کواوردیکھ لوں۔‘‘کیاخبر تھی کہ مرحوم کایہ آخری خط ہے، ورنہ اس کے جواب میں مکتوب الیہ خودلاہور پہنچنے کی کوشش کرتا۔یہ عجب شرط دوستی ووفاداری ہے اے دوست کہ ادھریہ تمنا اورادھر یہ بے رخی کہ
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This pandemic has affected family life around the world. As a result of lockdown individuals are already experiencing significant revenue and job losses. The ability to ‘Work from Home’ (WFH) can help damp down the impact of the situation, undoubtedly. Overall, the effects of WFH arrangements rely a lot on the job status of parents and presence of dependents (children & elderly), and this current situation is likely to intensify these differences. It does not necessarily mean, however, that the effect of the crisis should inevitably be gender neutral. Working women have been particularly affected. It seems to be very fascinating to work from home, while sitting on a comfortable couch, casually dressed, even sometimes in sleep suits, without stepping out in scorching heat and wasting time in traveling, but this may not be a preferred situation for everybody, especially women. The most significant impact on working women during the crisis will be trying to balance household demands, childcare needs and work demands. The group most likely to be hardest hit then would be lower income families with young children, and single mothers in particular. Generally women are in charge of planning, organizing and recalling of everything that needs to be remembered. The mental stress and load that comes with such work has risen exponentially in present circumstances. Even though many countries are relied on lockdown to control widespread of COVID-19 pandemic, the mental problems such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, suicidal thoughts and other psychological trauma are most common in case of normal individual and extensive in case of people who are psychologically ill. Females are more prone to psychological distress. The main concern is to manage and provide opportunities for regulation of stress caused due to anxiety and lack of peer contact. Another main threat is an increased risk of parents to develop mental illness, women may also suffer from domestic violence and consequently it results child maltreatment. The current scenario may be particularly challenging especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, also if someone has prior trauma experiences, undiagnosed mental health problems, background of migration and low socioeconomic status.
Cytoplasmic dynein is a multi-subunit complex that transports cargos along microtubules towards their minus end. Dyneins are very essential for vesicular transport, maintenance of golgi apparatus, spindle formation and cellular homeostasis. They are tightly regulated by the interactions of individual dynein subunits and accessory proteins that are implicated in a wide range of dynein-driven transport events. Malfunctioning of dynein light chains has been associated with a variety of human diseases. Current study is comprised of four projects with the major emphasis on characterization of differentially expressed genes in wild-type verses Tcte3-3 disrupted mice, involved in male germ cell apoptosis. In the first study, basic aim was to explore and evaluate mouse Tcte3 paralogs through Bioinformatics and experimental approaches. Significant changes were observed among Tcte3 paralogs using multiple sequence alignment and restrictions maps analysis. Furthermore, we monitored the expression of Tcte3 paralogs in brain and testis tissues of wild-type and Tcte3-3 disrupted mice. Our findings suggested that observed Tcte3 paralogs exhibited tissue specific expression. Next, we employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR approaches and performed detailed in-silico analysis of microarray data extracted from NCBI gene ontology omnibus (GEO) to isolate candidate hits influenced by Tcte3-3 disruption. Our findings elucidated several co-expressed partners of Tcte3 including Anxa5 and Pebp1, whose functional coherence may help in better understanding of apoptotic induction. In another study, to evaluate the gene expression profile of testis and brain tissues, Tcte3-3 knockout mice were characterized by differential gene expression profiling technique using cDNA microarray technology (Illumina Beadchip microarray). Isolated data were analyzed and converted into biologically meaningful form by integrative transcriptomics and proteomics approaches. Furthermore, based on the differential gene expression; gene ontology analysis, pathway analysis and protein-protein interaction mapping analyses were performed. Microarray results were further validated by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, molecular docking and dynamics simulation analyses. Overall, differential microarray study of Tcte3-3 disrupted mice coupled with detailed Bioinformatics analyses provided an updated information and overall insight into Tcte3 mediated gene regulation thus offering useful clues to counteract or prevent its detrimental consequences. Our results highlighted several differentially expressed genes overrepresented in Gene Ontology categories. Furthermore, molecular interaction and reaction pathways involved in male germ cell apoptosis, cell cycle, lipid metabolism and molecular movement were displayed. As Tcte3 is essential for spermatogenesis, our study revealed valuable resources for the exploration of Tcte3-linked functions in male reproduction. Finally, we analyzed functional conservation of three dynein light chains by exploring their molecular structures to find common interaction networks. We proposed involvement of dynein light chains in apoptotic process via their consistent interactions with common binding partners. Based on this notion, we monitored that Tcte3 and Tctex1 exhibited a similar binding pattern against the previously reported interaction partners of DYNLL1. Taken together, our in-silico and supporting experimental data revealed several novel interaction partners of Tcte3, Tctex1 and Dynll1 with overlapping roles in intrinsic apoptosis pathway. Together, with the exploitation of Tcte3 mediated functions, this study may serve as a valuable resource in understanding complex mechanism of apoptosis. Collectively, our study may contribute towards better understanding of tissue-specific transcriptional control of genes involved in apoptosis by addressing the cooperative influence of diverse regulatory partners, pivotal in unraveling the mechanisms leading to tissue-wise regulation of biological processes.