امیر شریعت خامس کی رحلت
امیر شریعت خامس مولانا عبدالرحمن کی وفات ہندوستان خصوصاً بہارو اڑیسہ کے مسلمانوں کا نقصان عظیم ہے۔ قوم و ملت اپنے ایک بزرگ رہنما عالمِ دین اور عارف باﷲ سے محروم ہوگئی۔ وہ واقعی عالم باعمل اور اس دور میں زہد و اتقا، عمل و اخلاص اور اتباعِ سنت میں منفرد و یگانہ تھے۔ ان کی زندگی دین کی خدمت و اشاعت دعوت و تبلیغ ، وعظ و ارشاد، نفوس کی اصلاح و تزکیہ اور مسلمانوں کی فلاح و بہبود میں گزری اور ان سے بے شمار لوگوں کو فیض پہنچا۔
حضرت امیر شریعت کی علالت کا سلسلہ کئی ماہ سے چل رہا تھا، افاقہ نہ ہونے کی بنا پر مدرسہ حمیدیہ گودنا (چھپرہ) سے پھلواری شریف لائے گئے اور سجاد میموریل اسپتال کے علاج سے کسی قدر حالت بہتر ہوئی مگر پھر مرض نے شدت اختیار کرلی تو حی کلینک پٹنہ میں داخل کئے گئے مگر وقتِ موعود آگیا اور یہیں ۲۹؍ ستمبر ۹۸ء کو رشد و ہدایت کا یہ چراغ ہمیشہ کے لیے بجھ گیا۔
۳۰؍ ستمبر کو ۱۱ بجے دن میں قائم مقام امیر شریعت نے پھلواری میں جنازہ کی نماز پڑھائی جس میں مختلف اضلاع کے ہزاروں سوگواروں نے شرکت کی۔ اسی روز جسد مبارک مدرسہ حمیدیہ گودنا (چھپرہ) لایا گیا جہاں عصر بعد نماز جنازہ ہوئی اور متعدد اضلاع سے آئے ہوئے ہزاروں عقیدت مندوں کی موجودگی میں مسجد کے قریب ان کی تدفین ہوئی۔
مولانا نے ۹۵ برس کی طویل عمر پائی، ان کی ولادت ضلع دربھنگہ کے ایک گاؤں میں ۱۹۰۳ء میں ہوئی تھی۔ مختلف دینی مدارس میں تعلیم پانے کے بعد مدرسہ شمس الہدیٰ پٹنہ سے فضیلت کی سند لی، وہ ایک اچھے اور ذہین طالب علمی تھے، فضیلت کے امتحان میں پورے بہار میں اول آئے۔ ابتدا ہی سے طبیعت طاعت و زہد...
One of the greatest epistemological accomplishments that Muslims have achieved is the establishment of an accurate system of deriving rulings from Sharia texts, which is known as ‘principles of jurisprudence’ or Usūl ul Fiq. Among the significant contents of these subject is dealing with the text which apparently contradicts to other basic principles of Islam or objectives of Sharī’ah. The job of a jurist becomes more significant and difficult in devising the judgments and interpreting the texts as reported by the fundamentalists: inquiring the validity of the texts, finding its weakness with respect to strong argument, and comparing them in terms of authenticity. Other times, he tries to reconcile between the contradictions by keeping in view a meaning consistent with Sharī’ah. The application of these principles gave birth to the variety and diversity of opinions on account of Ijtihād. Keeping in view the above preamble, the author addressed one of the famous Ahadith of Holy Prophet PBUH: “I have been ordered to fight against the people until they testify.”. This saying of Holy Prophet PBUH attracted Muslim thinkers in past and present to address its meanings and application. Likewise some related debate has emerged in the modern period as regards whether the term "people" in the hadith is used generically or specifically - forcing these people to Islam after defeating? The author in this context, addressed the terminology of hadith, its apparent contradiction with the principles of Sharī’ah, legal maxims, provisions, diverse interpretations, and added his own opinion. Descriptive and qualitative research approach was employed for the collection, demonstration and analysis of data.
On an overall basis, fifteen species were recorded from four selected districts during 2016-17. However, populated area proved to more infested followed by agricultural and industrial area. Rawalpindi depicted as more diversified district as compared to Lahore, Sialkot and Faisalabad.A huge number of insecticides are used for the control of agricultural pests and household pests, such as mosquitoes, with the application of over and under doses in Punjab, Pakistan. Moreover, after the dengue epidemic that occurred during 2010, insecticides were sprayed in huge amounts and at high doses in major cities of Punjab to control mosquitoes. This also resulted in insecticidal resistance in mosquitoes. Mosquitocidal assays of larvae (in beakers) and adults (impregnated papers) were evaluated after 24 h. The bioassay data showed Temephos, Fenitrothion, Malathion, Pirimiphos Methyl, Cypermethrin, Deltamethrin, Permethrin and Bendiocarb lethal concentration (LC50) for 50 percent mortality of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus and An. Stephensi susceptible population (SS) compared with field populations of Faisalabad (FSD), Sialkot (SKT), Rawalpindi (RWP) and Lahore (LHR). The larvicidal LC50 value of temephos ranged from 0.007 to 0.416 ppm. In the case of adulticides, three groups of insecticides were applied to papers and used against different populations collected from populated, agricultural and industrial areas of Lahore (LHR), Rawalpindi (RWP), Sialkot (SKT) and Faisalabad (FSD). Pyrethroids demonstrated the lowest effective concentration among the tested pesticides (organophosphates & carbamates). Among the pyrethroid group, deltamethrin was recorded as being the most toxic (0.483 – 9.245 ppm), followed by cypermethrin (1.839 – 33.139 ppm) and permethrin (5.145 – 101.533 ppm). ppm. The chi-squared value showed no heterogeneity across all the experiments. The results also indicated that the LHR population was highly resistant, followed by the RWP, SKT and FSD populations; moreover, the mosquito populations from agricultural areas were more resistant than those from populated and industrial areas. However, the resistance map also reflected that LHR showed extremely high to high level resistance which was indicated by red to blue color whereas RWP found high to moderate resistance indicated by blue to yellow followed by SKT and FSD. The biochemical analysis showed the elevated activity of enzymes (esterases, mixed-function oxidases, glutathione S-transferase and acetyl-cholinesterase) in resistant populations. It was concluded that the injudicious application of chemicals in an area caused the risk of resistance and the reappearance and resurgence of certain mosquitoes. Further, research is needed to identify health and environmental risks and to devise an effective programme through the use of selective and specific insecticides.