پروفیسر اکبر رحمانی
جناب اکبر رحمانی کی وفات ایک قومی و ملی حادثہ ہے، وہ درس و تدریس کے پیشے سے وابستہ تھے، اس کے باوجود بڑی سرگرمی سے تعلیمی، ادبی اور علمی خدمات بھی انجام دے رہے تھے، لیکن وظیفہ یاب ہونے کے بعد وہ محض علمی مشاغل اور تصنیف و تالیف کے لیے وقف ہوگئے تھے، اس کی وجہ سے خیال تھا کہ اب قوم کو ان کی ذہنی و دماغی قابلیت سے زیادہ بہرہ یاب ہونے کا موقع ملے گا، مگر دستِ اجل نے ان کو ہم سے چھین لیا۔ اور ۱۷؍ ستمبر کو وہ جوارِ رحمت میں پہنچ گئے، انااﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
وہ ذیابیطس اور کئی موذی امراض میں مبتلا تھے، گردے بھی خراب ہوگئے تھے، دو سال پہلے حج بیت اﷲ کو تشریف لے گئے تھے وہیں گینگرین کیے سبب سے دائیں پاؤں کا انگوٹھا کاٹنا پڑا۔ اور ہندوستان واپس آنے کے بعد گھٹنے تک دایاں پاؤں کاٹ دیا گیا مگر ایک بندۂ مومن کی طرح وہ ان آزمائشوں کا صبر و شکر سے مقابلہ کرتے اور ہمہ تن اپنے تحریری اور تصنیفی کام انجام دیتے رہے کہ یکایک ان کی وفات کی خبر نے سب کو تڑپا دیا۔
مرحوم کا اصل نام اکبر خاں اور والد کا رحمان خاں تھا ان دونوں کے امتزاج سے انہوں نے اپنا قلمی نام ’’اکبر رحمانی‘‘ رکھ لیا تھا اور اسی سے روشناس تھے۔
اکبر صاحب کا خاندانی تعلق لودھیوں سے تھا ان کے آباواجداد ابراہیم لودھی کے زمانے میں ہندوستان آئے، آبائی وطن گنگا پور (اورنگ آباد دکن) تھا ۱۷؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۴۱ء کو پیدا ہوئے، ابتدائی و ثانوی تعلیم جلگاؤں میں حاصل کی، اعلیٰ تعلیم پونا اور بمبئی کی یونیورسٹیوں میں پائی، اردو کے علاوہ فارسی، انگریزی، ہندی اور مراٹھی زبانوں سے واقف تھے، ہندی اور مراٹھی کے مضامین اور کہانیوں کے اردو...
Quran is the word of Allah Almighty, therefore, in order to understand it in the true sense, a person has to sharpen his or her intellectual ability as well as increase the knowledge. When one is at a particular intellectual level, only then can he or she start understanding the true message, which Allah Almighty conveyed through words of Quran. Pertaining to the explanation of Quran for the understanding of general audience, different people have tried to write the Tafseer of Quran. Although Muslims recite Quran and try reading it with translation, however, the reading of Tafseer has its own importance. “Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran” is written by Abu Nauman Saifullah Khalid and published from Dar-Ul_Undalus Lahore in 2010. This Tafseer has been written in the light of the Quran, Hadith, and the sayings of the companions of Prophet. In this Tafseer correct tradit-ions has been included and unauthentic traditions has been avoided. In theological interpretations, the words of Qur'an are explained in the context of the Qur'an itself or the sayings of The Holy Prophet(ﷺ). This type of interpretation is called “Tafseer Bilmasur”.“Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran”is representative of Tafseer Bilmasur. In this research article, the Salient features of “Tafseer Dawat-Ul-Quran” are discussed.
Metaheuristics is a research area that delivers general purpose high quality optimization algorithms, proved effectual in dealing with complex global optimization problems. Success of metaheuristics greatly depends on their aptitude to establish equilibrium between their essential characters: exploration and exploitation. But the advent of No Free Lunch theorems by Wolpert and Macready established a general opinion that all algorithms perform equally when averaged over the whole function space and hence none of them can be claimed to be the best over the entire function space. For this reason, the basic algorithms require essential refinements and enhancements. The main goal of this thesis is twofold: to develop new effective hybrid metaheuristic strategies for solving selected global optimization problems and to analyze the performances of developed hybrid metaheuristics on mathematical benchmark functions and complex real world problems that can be modeled as global optimization problems. Generally, hybridization is carried out by integrating powerful components of different algorithms. The first hybrid metaheuristic proposed in this work is Controlled Showering Optimization (CSO) algorithm which is a combination of Artificial Showering Algorithm and frame based search mechanism. The second proposed hybrid algorithm is Cooperative Multi-Simplex algorithm (CMSA) that is based on collaborative search of multiple simplexes working under the iterations of a Non- Stagnated Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm (NS-NMSA). The evolvement of the provably convergent variant NS-NMSA is also carried out in this work by identifying and coping the failures and stagnations of standard Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Multi-Simplex Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (MS-ICA) is the third hybrid metaheuristic which is designed by embedding NS-NMSA iterations in Imperialist Competitive Algorithm. The fourth hybrid metaheuristic designed in this continuation is obtained by integrating CMSA and Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. In a specifically constructed computational framework, this hybrid algorithm in collaboration with Padé approximation is named as hybrid Evolutionary Padé Approximation (EPA) scheme. The efficiencies of developed hybrid metaheuristics are validated empirically along with some theoretical results. Statistical analysis of simulation results of CSO applications to diversified small as well as large scale benchmark functions is conducted for evaluating its computational efficiency and consistency. The posterior non-parametric statistical analyses of the results indicate significantly better performance of CSO algorithm. Theoretical convergence results of NS-NMSA are also accompanied by numerical simulations on reported counter examples and a test suite of 24 benchmark functions. The two proposed hybrid algorithms, CMSA and MS-ICA, are applied to solve physical nonlinear systems of equations and excellent results are observed. Finally the proposed EPA framework is implemented for numerical treatments of the nonlinear model of virus propagation in computer networks and the model of Dengue fever with incubation period of virus. Numerical simulations and residuals based error analysis confirm the abilities of the proposed hybrid EPA scheme to preserve the essential characteristics of the epidemiological models.