Momentum of Ajwa Dates towards Cardiovascular Diseases Momentum of Ajwa Dates towards Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the top most cause of morality around the world.  It is predicted that the number casualties from CVDs will increase to more than 24 million till 2030 people. Medicinal plants provide the major raw materials for medicine preparations. They are gaining high consideration due to their effectiveness and increasing cost of modern medicines. Many successful drugs are plant based, including aspirin from the willow bark, morphine from opium poppy, quinine from the cinchona bark, and digoxin from the foxglove. According to World Health Organization (WTO), ~70% to 80% of people around the world rely on herbal sources for the treatment of their disease. Plant sources are endorsed due to the fact that they contain an optimal amount of  antioxidants and phytochemicals that help to avoid and treat many diseases. Phoenix dactylifera L. Particularly Ajwa variety, is the most rich in phytonutrientsthat can benefit to control many cardiovascular diseases. It contains6 vitamins (vitamin A, C, B1, B2, B3 &riboflavin), high amount of fibers, Potassium, Magnesium and 23 amino acids which play a healthy role towards hypertension, muscular contractions, and blood pressure control. It has been studied that Niacin (B3) helps to control cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels (LDL), as high cholesterol is the one of the main cause of cardiovascular diseases so, Ajwa could be a vital regulatory source. According to the findings of Sabbah M. Et al, Ajwa extracts significantly improved the DNA integrity and also reduced the cardiomyocytes congestion, edema and the cellular stress wielded on cardiac muscles resulting the restoration of cardiomyocytes architecture in Doxorubicin (DOX) induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Research done by Alqarni et al, proves that Ajwa extracts has successfully decreased the LDL‐C, VLDL‐C, and triglycerides concentration. Additionally, treatment with ajwa pulp also improved the HDL‐C level and antioxidant enzymes activity. In another invivo study, Ajwa preparation has successfullydecreased the diclofenac-induced pulmonary and hepatic instabilities. Vitamin-K play important role in blood coagulation, and in case of anticoagulant therapy, activity of vitamin-K controlled by drugs (warfarin) that sometimes causes serious side effects. According to the reported data, Salicylic acid is the vitamin-K antagonist and has capability to block the action of vitamin K during the coagulation pathway. Dates contain ~3.75 to 4.50 mg/100 g of salicylic acid. Thus, providing anticoagulation effect too. So, the limelight of the reported data provides an enough reason that plants can be used as primary source of drug designing for the cardiovascular disease. They hold true momentum to address the increasing healthdiseases, which cannot be lost to distraction or apathy. Fight against the burden of CDVs, is affecting all countries and specially, under developing and the poor countries.

On Content Caching Mechanisms for Information-Centric Networking

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is believed an alternative and future network to the host-centric model of the existing Internet infrastructure. ICN focuses on distribution and retrieval of contents instead of transfer of information between endpoints. It is based on the concept of publish-subscribe, naming and in-network caching. The concept of caching is universal in ICN and it is used within networks for reducing latency of information to users. Contents can be distributed in on-path caching or off-path caching. Off-path caching can be compared with tradition caching of content while on-path caching is more near and specific to ICN. The default caching strategy proposed for ICN is Leave Copy Everywhere (LCE) which leaves a copy of content on every node of a network that the INTEREST packet has traversed. But this caching strategy causes a huge redundancy, source consumption in network that minimizes the effectiveness of ICN. Popularity is a major factor we have to care about while caching content in network as it consumes more resources to cache content on every node that has requested by any user. Some contents in the network are requested more as compared to other so this factor can play an effective role in caching content in ICN. Other factor we need to take care about is caching content near end users so as to reduce the latency of information retrieval. In this research work, we have designed two caching strategies of LeafPop and LeafPopDown for ICN based on the factor of popularity. The objectives of designed caching strategies are reducing redundancy that default caching strategy of LCE is creating in ICN. In order to achieve desired objective, the content is placed in the network based on popularity factor in both caching strategies. In addition of considering popularity factor, content is placed near the end users so that latency to the end users could be minimized. The designed caching strategy of LeafPop is first evaluated against the default caching strategy of Leave Copy Everywhere (LCE) and popularity based caching strategy of Max-Gain In-network Caching (MAGIC) in terms of performance metrics of cache hits, diversity and eviction operations in same simulation environment. The LeafPop caching strategy is then compared with the new caching strategy of LeafPopDown for the same performance metrics. The proposed caching strategy of LeafPop is examined on SocialCCNSim simulator against the selected caching strategies. The results are evaluated on three topologies of Abilene, DTelekom and Tiger with α = 0.88, 1.1 and cache size of 1 GB and 10 GB. We have used Least Recently Used (LRU) replacement policy for the caching eviction operations. LeafPopDown caching strategy is then examined against LeafPop caching strategy on the same simulator. Here, the results are again evaluated on same three topologies of Abilene, DTelekom and Tiger with α = 0.88, 1.1 and cache size of 1 GB and 10 GB. The simulation results show that proposed caching strategy of LeafPop outperforms as compared to LCE and MAGIC in terms of cache hit, diversity and eviction operations. LeafPop caching strategy significantly increases cache hit on two topologies of Abilene and Tiger when we have cache sizes of 1 GB and 10 GB and α = 0.88, 1.1. The second proposed caching strategy of LeafPopDown outperforms against LeafPop in terms of cache hits, diversity and eviction operations on the chosen simulation parameters.