علمائے کرام، قائد اعظم اور نظریہ پاکستان

In this article the role played by the Muslim religious scholars in the Pakistan Movement has also been discussed. The most prominent among such scholars were Molana Mazharuddin Malik, Molana Shabeer Ahmad Usmani, Molana Ashraf Ali Thanvi, Molana Zafar Ahmad Ansari, Mufti Muhammad Shafee, Molana Ikram Khan Bengali, Molana Ahmad Raza Khan Brailvi, Molana Naeem Uddin Muradabadi, Molana Azad Subhani, Molana Abdul Hamid Badauni, and MolanaAbul Ala Maududi. At the end, an analysis of the ideology of Pakistan has been presented in the light of the excerpts taken from various speeches and statements made by the Quaid during 1938 and 1948. It shows that the Quaid wanted to make Pakistan an Islamic state governed by the teachings of Allah Taala. He wanted to make it a model Islamic state to convince others to realize that the commandments of Allah are practicable and are a means of salvation from hurdles and hardships.

Post Earthquakechanges in the Physical and Academic Environment of Primary Schools of Aj&K

All disasters are undesirable but they gave us a chance to learn some meaningful lessons from them and to improve or at least to correct our pathway. Disaster such as an earthquake always tends to untangle the social structure of the society and expose their strengths and weaknesses. A descriptive research study was conducted to understand the post earthquake changes in the physical and academic environment of primary schools in AJ&K. The study was carried out in Muzaffarabad, the capital city of AJ&K (an affiliated state of Pakistan). Muzaffarabad was one of the worst earthquake affected district of AJ&K and being the capital city with crowded population and low spaced building infrastructure, it was devastated almost above than 90%. The study was aimed to assess the post earthquake changes in physical environment by mean of quality of reconstructed school building, and in academic environment by mean of teachers training, evacuation plans and emergency drills, incorporation of disaster related information in syllabus of primary classes and finally the awareness level of primary teachers as well as of students. The study employed a descriptive research methodology using quantitative approach. The sample was consisting of 36 schools with heads, teachers and students. Three questionnaires and one observation schedule were developed to get quantitative data. After statistical analysis, the results of the study showed that the training of teachers was not conducted; no serious attempt was made by head teachers to implement any curricular changes based upon disasters management especially about earthquake preparedness. There is no or very little incorporation of disaster related information and earthquake preventive measures in syllabus / course of primary classes. However, the awareness level of teachers and students was not as worse. They were found aware of basic preventive measures like not to run or evacuate in a hurry during the shaking continues. A training of teachers should be done and to develop a policy regarding the incorporation of disaster management especially the earthquake preventive measures in the course, textbooks or syllabus of primary classes.