السلم الاجتماعی: ضرورتہ و مبادئہ فی ضوء الشریعۃ الاسلامیۃ

Islam is a religion of peace and harmony. The Islamic teachings are guarantee of peaceful co-existence. A society which practices Islamic teachings of peaceful co-existence, brotherhood and cooperation makes advancement. Disharmony and non-tolerance causes societal decline. The article focuses the importance of peaceful co-existence in light of the Islamic teachings. Besides discussing the principles of societal peace mentioned in the holy Qur’an and Hadith, it has been elaborated that how these principles can be applied to achieve and maintain societal peace and order in contemporary times. The articles ends with some guiding principles and details as suggested in the Qur’an and Sunnah. A Muslim society can prosper only by adopting these principles in letter and spirit and resultantly their differences will be a thing of past. These guiding principles are as under: § Justice and Equality. § Guarantee to rights of all segments of society. § Abiding the rulers in lawful. § Promulgation of Islamic Sharia and observing its objectives. § Adopting moderate and balanced approach in religious matters. § Discharging the duty of preaching in light of Qur’an &Sunnah. § Cooperation in righteous &lawful and avoiding conflict. § Performing citizenry duties in light of Islamic Teachings. § Participating in reformative activities of society.

The Heart Weight–Body Weight Coefficient in Kenyans Aged 14 Years and Above

Background: The heart size has traditionally been assessed using absolute reference weights. But the heart weight (HW) has been shown to depend on one’s body size hence a better measure is the ratio of the HW to the body weight (BW) – the HW-BW coefficient. Initially noted to be 0.43% and 0.40% in males and females respectively, recent studies have shown an increase of up to 0.51%. Objective: To determine the HW-BW coefficient in Kenyans aged 14 years and above. Methods: One hundred and four deceased Kenyans aged 14 years and above, with no heart or chronic lung disease, were recruited into the prospective cross-sectional study. Their ages, body lengths (BLs), BW and HW were recorded. Their body mass indices (BMI) and body surface areas (BSA) were also calculated. Results: There were 88 males and 16 females, all of African descent. Males had larger HW. The HW-BW ratio was 0.48% and 0.42% in males and females respectively. The difference in the value between the sexes was statistically significant. Among the males, there was a significant positive correlation between HW and all body indices as well as with age. Among the females, there was a significant positive correlation between HW and BSA and between HW and age. Recently generated HW-vs-BW and HW-vs-BSA charts from the UK were found unsuitable for the Kenyan context. Conclusions: The Kenyan HW-BW coefficient is lower than that recently documented in other parts of the world. Males have a larger coefficient than females. The HW is related to both size and age of an individual.