31. Luqman/Luqman, the Wise
I/We begin by the Blessed Name of Allah
The Immensely Merciful to all, The Infinitely Compassionate to everyone.
31:01
a. Alif. Lam. Mim.
31:02
a. These are the Messages of the Book - The Divine Qur’an – full of Wisdom.
31:03
a. It is a source of Guidance and a Mercy for those who seek excellence in virtue.
31:04
a. Those who
- establish the Salat/Prayer, and
- pay out the Zakat/annual charity, and
- believe with certainty in the realm of the Hereafter.
31:05
a. It is they who are upon Guidance from their Rabb -The Lord, and
b. it is also they who are going to be the successful in the Hereafter.
31:06
a. And from among the people, there are some who engage in diverting talk over Allah’s Message
- misleading others from the Path of Allah without knowledge, and
- taking it in mockery as well.
b. Those - for them will be a humiliating punishment.
31:07
a. And whenever OUR Messages from The Qur’an are recited to such a person,
b. he turns away arrogantly, as if he had not heard them – almost as if there was deafness in his ears.
c. So give him the good news of a painful punishment.
31:08
a. As for those
- believe, and
- practice righteousness,
b. for them will be Gardens of Delight in Paradise -
31:09
a. living therein forever: never to leave, never to die.
b. This is Allah’s true Promise,
c. for HE is The Almighty, The Wise.
This research shows the value of tolerance in Islam, which is the basis of the ethics of the religion of Islam. This great value has created the bonds of love and harmony between Muslims and all human beings. This was the main reason for spreading the message of Islam to various parts of the world without coercion. There have been many attempts to accuse Islam of intolerance, terrorism and intimidation. Hence, this research is concerned with showing the truth about the ethics of Islam and its noble high values. To achieve the desired goal, the research was divided into an introduction, a preface, three chapters and a conclusion. The introduction addressed the importance of the topic and the reason for its selection. In the preface, the meaning of the word "tolerance" was shown and compared with the Quranic words used in this topic. In the first chapter, the researcher deals with the value of tolerance is the origin of Islam. It characterized the Prophet Muhammad (prayer and peace be upon him). The second chapter says tolerance is the cause of the spread of Islam, and the voluntary entry of people into it. The third chapter shows that tolerance is the root of solving problems and resolving all forms of conflict between nations, individuals, parties and groups. The researcher in conclusion suggests the most important findings and recommendations.
Fifty maize inbred lines collected from different sources were screened at seedling stage for drought tolerance in glasshouse.One drought tolerant and one sensitive line were selected and used to develop six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2). The generations were evaluated in glasshouse and field simultaneously under normal and drought conditions. Data on various seedling and morpho-physiological parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically. There was a decreasing trend for all the traits except anthesis-silking interval and leaf temperature under drought condition. Additive and dominance genetic effects were found for all seedling traits under normal condition except fresh and dry root weight which had additive genetic effects. Similarly additive and dominance gene action was involved for all seedling traitsunder drought condition except fresh root length and fresh and dry root weight, which were under additive genetic control. Additive genetic effects were present for the inheritance of days to silking, anthtesis-silking interval, ear leaf area, plant height, days to maturity, 100 grain weight and relative water content under normal condition, whereas days to tasseling, ear length, kernels per ear, grain yield per plant, cell membrane thermo-stability and leaf temperature showed the presence of both additive and dominance genetic effects. However under drought condition, days to tasseling, anthtesis-silking interval, ear leaf area, plant height, ear length, kernels per ear and cell membrane thermo-stability had both additive and dominance genetic effects, whereas additive genetic effects were observed for days to silking, days to maturity, 100 grain weight, grain yield per plant, relative water content and leaf temperature. Narrow sense heritability was high for most of the seedling and morphophysiological traits under both conditions, whereas genetic advance was maximum for grain yield per plant, ear leaf area and kernels per ear under water stress. Inbreeding depression was also maximum for grain yield per plant, ear leaf area and kernels per ear under water stress. Root/shoot ratio was positively and significantly correlated both on phenotypic and genotypic basis with fresh and dry root weight under both conditions. Grain yield had positive and significant association with days to maturity, ear length, number of kernels per ear, cell membrane thermo-stability and relative water content on phenotypic and genotypic basis under both normal and drought conditions, whereas negative and significant phenotypic correlations of grain yield were found with leaf temperature under both conditions. Grain yield of maize may be enhanced by improving ear length, kernels per ear, cell membrane thermo-stability and relative water content.