الإسلام وقوامة الرجل على المرأة

The paper discusses the rights and powers of men against their counterparts’ women in so many aspects of life, because it is the command of Almighty Allah, so the paper looks into some verses of the Holy Qur’an (Ayāt) and Prophetic traditions (Aḥadith) on the same matter and the causes for that powers. The paper highlighted the contemporary world’s perception of men’s rights and powers as well as Islamic perception and also misperception about the rights and powers of men against their wives. Finally, the paper discussed on the equality of rights and powers of both the parties in some occasions in light of Islamic legal injection to remove difficulties and bodings from the two spouses. The methodology used in the research work is both historical and empirical, based on secondary sources.

Values-Based Culture: Development of Multidimensional Measure and Multilevel Assessment of Theoretical Construct Through Servant Leadership Theory

This study was designed to enhance the concept of the values-based group cul ture (VBC) through empirical application by developing a consistent and robust measure. This dissertation addresses the deficiencies from both the empirical and conceptual perspectives regarding what the VBC is. For this study, the VBC is defined as a culture of humane orientation. The VBC measure is created by identi fying five dimensions, ideology infused, caring for employees, pro diversity, helping and having employee-centric organization identification. A series of survey items were developed, and tested them with 20 doctoral student raters for content valid ity. The remaining survey items were tested by exploratory factor analysis with a sample of 540 students, which results in a five-factor solution. Next, an organiza tional sample of 397 individuals and 106 groups were used to verify the five-factor model through group level confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A nomological net of VBC was developed through servant leadership theory in which five dimensions of VBC were taken as mediators between servant leader and meaningfulness at work. Two moderators (Leader ethical sensitivity and Leader spiritual wisdom) were also proposed. Cross level structural equation modeling was performed on MPLUS. The results confirm that the VBC is a multidimensional construct and makes a unique contribution to explaining individual level outcome. Two out of five dimensions proved suppressor mediators, other two proved confounder me diators and one could not mediate the proposed cross level relationship between servant leader and meaningfulness at work. Ethical sensitivity failed to moderate the cross-level relationship between servant leader and employees sense of mean ingfulness at work. But the spiritual wisdom was found to be antagonistically moderating the cross-level relationship between servant leader and meaningful ness at work. The dissertation ends with the practical implications and proposes future research directions.