Academic Research on Non- Muslim Religious Minorities Content analysis of the Research papers from a Pakistani Perspective

This study aims to examine research papers on religious minorities to determine their issues, rights, and privileges in Pakistan. In a civilized society, everyone has basic rights regardless of race, color, or religion. Everyone has cultural, political, religious, and constitutional freedom in a peaceful society. In general, it is perceived that, in Pakistan, followers of other religions than Islam are not given their essential rights, especially regarding their religious rights. To secure minority participation in decision-making, they may reserve seats in administration and parliament, organize national and local minority consultative organizations, and provide cultural or territorial autonomy. In the context of Pakistan, the school curriculum and state policies are viewed as the primary causes of prejudice against minorities. However, numerous other elements may contribute to the establishment of attitudes about them. Therefore, in order to reveal and appropriately address the issue, this study will use qualitative research methodology with an analytical research approach. Rights, issues, and problems of minorities have been a matter of concern to various scholars, states, and societies throughout history and in the contemporary era too. The study suggests that there should be made awareness at the grassroots level and the removal of obstacles to the greater good of humanity.

Ixp, an Improved Xp Process Model for Small to Medium Scale Projects

Process model is an integral part of software industry for the development of software. Conventional models have been replaced by the agile models in the software industry nowadays. It happened due to the features the agile family offers. These features can address the needs of today?s software development. In agile models, researchers and software professionals merged the top practices of software development and targeted the shortcomings of conventional process models. Extreme programming (XP) process model is one of the most extensively utilized agile process models. Uncertain and changing requirements are handled in it to provide customer contentment. Iterative and incremental method is used in it for developing quality software in small time. XP is optimal to work on small projects. Although it has a lot of advantages, but some of its drawbacks include lack of documentation, no proper architectural structure and system design, and reduced agility due to sequential tests during iteration. These limitations do not make it a good option for medium and large scale projects and it works fine with only small scale projects. Researchers have tried to customize XP to make it appropriate in different situations by tailoring its phases or by adding more practices. But these models do not provide proper direction about handling all of the XP?s limitations. Adding more practices or changing the phases affect its agility due to which it becomes difficult to implement. To address these limitations, this research has introduced IXP, an improved version of XP for small to medium scale projects which eliminates its weaknesses and introduces efficiency and effectiveness in the process of development without affecting its agility and simplicity. The validation of the proposed model is done through a case study in which an empirical analysis is conducted through the development of real time client oriented projects with XP and proposed IXP. The empirical results are compared and reflected through tables and graphs after detailed analysis. A feedback is also collected from the development team of IXP about the effectiveness of proposed IXP practices.