سید مظفر حسین برنی بطور مرتب
سید مظفر حسین برنی ہندوستان میں اہم ترین سرکاری ذمہ داریاں ادا کرتے رہے۔ آپ کو اقبالیات سے خاص دلچسپی تھی۔ پیشہ ورانہ مصروفیات کے باوجود آپ اقبالیات کے لیے وقت ضرور نکالتے تھے۔آپ کے لیکچرزکتابی شکل میں بھی سامنے آئے ہیں اور ہندوستان کی کئی زبانوں میں ان کے تراجم بھی ہوئے ہیں۔ اس طرح فکرِ اقبال کو توسیع میسر آئی۔ سید مظفر حسین برنی نے جہاں تدوین کے حوالہ سے خیال رکھا ہے وہاں ایک عمدہ مرتب کا کردار بھی ادا کیا ہے اور خطوط کو مرتب کرنے میں ان تمام لوازمات کا خیال رکھا ہے کہ جو خطوط کے مقام کا درجہ بھی بلند کریں اور خطوط کی صداقت میں بھی کوئی کمی نہ رہے۔ آپ نے خاص طور پر تمام خطوط کو بحوالہ تاریخی ترتیب مرتب کیا ہے۔ یہ کام اس لحاظ سے بہت مشکل تھا کہ کئی خطوط کی تاریخ اشاعت سامنے نہ آئی تھی مگر برنی نے مختلف مآخذ کا سہارا لے کر اس ترتیب کو مستند بنایا ہے۔ بعض جگہوں پر تو حالات اور واقعات کی صداقت کے لیے باقاعدہ نوٹ بھی دیے ہیں اور خط کی تاریخ لکھی ہے کہ ان حالات اور واقعات سے اس خط کی تاریخ یہ بنتی ہے۔ بطور مرتب آپ نے ایک ذمہ دار ماہرِ اقبالیات کا کردار ادا کیا ہے۔ اگر برنی اپنے مآخذ کا ذکر نہ کرتے اور اس بات کا انعام خود ہی حاصل کر لیتے کہ یہ ان کی ذاتی کوشش کا نتیجہ ہے تو یقیناً ماہرینِ ادب انہیں ناقل کا نام دیتے اور ناقل بھی ایسا کہ جس پر ادبی چوری کا الزام بھی لگایا جا سکتا تھا۔ مگر برنی نے ان تمام مآخذ اور حوالہ جات پر واضح روشنی ڈالی ہے کہ جن سے آپ نے اپنی کاوشوں کو مزین کیا ہے۔...
Wisdom is a great blessing of Allah that He has gifted man with. On the basis of this wisdom Allah has given man honor and priority over other beings. Only wise person can be the follower of Sharia decrees. It is through wisdom that one can have the insight of expediencies and vices of the world whereas expediencies and vices of the world hereafter do not come in the circle of wisdom. For the knowledge and insight of Sharia objectives, the role of wisdom is very important. The jurists have given much importance to the role of wisdom for the knowledge of Sharia objectives. An analysis of the jurists' views about the role of wisdom for the insight of Sharia objectives has been presented in this research paper.
The present investigation was an effort to explore the health claims of vitamin K enriched dietary sources i.e. cooked spinach and fermented soybean/natto against the menace of vitamin K deficiency. Initially, spinach and soybean were characterized with special reference to vitamin K contents followed by product development and finally bioefficacy study for the management of blood coagulation and vitamin K dependent proteins. The nutritional analysis indicated that spinach has ample amount of moisture followed by protein and fiber whereas soybean contains higher amount of protein and fat contents. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quantification of vitamin K revealed that phylloquinone was higher in spinach as compared to soybean. Amongst antioxidant extracts, methanolic extracts of spinach and soybean showed higher total phenolic, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and antioxidant activities. During product development phase, four dietary products i.e. cooked spinach (T 1 ), reconstituted spinach (T 2 ), natto A (T 3 ) and natto B (T 4 ) were formulated. Characterization of soybean based prepared products showed improvement in nutritional status due to fermentation as compared to raw material. In the formulated products, cooked spinach (T 1 ) and natto A (T 3 ) attained higher scores for sensory profile from each category. On the basis of nutritional characterization, vitamin K contents and antioxidant potential, two best products i.e. T 1 and T 3 one from each raw material were selected for efficacy study. Bioevaluation study was carried out involving New Zealand rabbits through two sequential trials for validity of the results. Accordingly, two types of studies were conducted on the basis of different groups of rabbits i.e. study I (normal rabbits) and study II (vitamin K deficient rabbits). Moreover, three different types of dietary sources namely cooked spinach a source of phylloquinone (D 2 ), natto for menaquinone-7 (D 3 ) and synthetic menadione (D 4 ) along with control (D 1 ) were provided to the respective groups. Feed & water intakes and body weights of rabbits varied significantly (p<0.05) with vitamin K dietary sources in study II while these traits behaved non-significantly in study I. The blood coagulation parameters including bleeding, clotting and prothrombin & partial thrombinplastin times and international normalized ratio (INR) were significantly (p<0.05) reduced due to vitamin K enriched dietary sources in vitamin K deficient rabbits (study II) except fibrinogen level that was improved. The serum phylloquinone levels were increased momentously (p<0.05) during study I & II (trial 1) by 23.78, 16.71 & 10.64 and 47.58, 36.42 & 27.71% in D 2 , D 3 & D 4 groups, respectively as compared to control. Similarly, serum menaquinone-7 level was improved in D 2 , D 3 and D 4 groups by 2.59, 17.77 & 1.11 in study I and 12.74, 24.50 & 10.78% in study II (trial 1). The vitamin K dependent proteins i.e. osteocalcin was increased whilst, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) were decreased due to vitamin K enriched dietary sources. Likewise trend for these traits was noticed in trial 2 of both studies. The liver & kidney functioning tests and hematological values were within normal range. From the present exploration, it is concluded that vitamin K enriched dietary sources containing menaquinone-7 and phylloquinone are effective to improve the serum vitamin K status and ameliorate the coagulation and vitamin K dependent proteins related abnormalities.