وجوه الإعجاز عند المتكلمين: الرماني والخطابي نموذجا

There are several points which illustrate Qur’ānic I‘jāz and probably rely on Islamic Theologians -Mutakallimin’s- efforts as well as exertions regarding Qur’ānic I‘jāz. Mutakallimin for having good command over Arabic rhetorical structures have demonstrated Qur’ānic I‘jāz in two contexts: theoretically and empirically. They actually validated, that Qur’ān is the book of Allah Almighty, through comparing both standard Arabic texts: prose and poetry into face of Qur’ānic text. All these cherished efforts of Mutakallimin are rooted in Arabic rhetoric which stands for that Arabic Rhetoric and ‘ilm al-Kalām; both have very primary relation resulting in that cannot be ignored while analyzing I‘jāz phenomenon.

Peace Through Rule of Law: A Community Law Literacy Perspective, Proposed Model for Pakistan

The basic drive behind this research, is the everyday problems of lawlessness faced by people of Pakistan on roads, in markets and offices and virtually all around them. The behavior of people towards discipline and compliance is distressingly indifferent. The indifference is shared equally by the so-called literates and illiterates. In more civilized societies, law-literacy is interwoven into literacy that makes people aware of the rules of conduct and requires them to own and internalize these rules. Compliance becomes the spontaneous response of these people and a strong culture of lawfulness results. The research, initially, aims at qualitatively determining the reasons why literacy is producing different results in Pakistan as compared with England and Norway. It is observed that in Pakistan, academic literacy is assumed to be meant for careers and not for social and cultural training. The result is that social side of learning remains cosmetic and lacks internalization according to the spirit of norms and law. A weak culture of lawfulness is the outcome. The research further postulates that a weak culture of lawfulness occupies a lower position on the scale of rule of law. On the other hand, global data shows that countries better on the scale of rule of law are better in terms of peace in society. It points out a causal relationship between law literacy, culture of lawfulness, rule of law and peace. To find out relationship between all four factors the research invites quantitative analysis that determines a significant causal relationship among law literacy, culture of lawfulness, rule of law and peace. Presumably, a wellplanned community law literacy program by utilizing all three channels of literacy i.e. formal, non-formal and informal could positively steer culture of lawfulness, rule of law, and peace. By utilizing the findings of this rigorous research comprising qualitative and quantitative analyses, an executable community law literacy model is proposed for Pakistan to enable people to internalize culture of lawfulness wherefrom rule of law and peace would causally sprout. Application of social marketing theory is recommended for short term results and for long term change of mindset, DewyFreirean fused method of teaching is suggested to be utilized to fully implement the proposed model.