محدث العصر مولانا حبیب الرحمن الاعظمی
محدث العصر مولانا حبیب الرحمن الاعظمی عرصہ سے موت و حیات کی کشمکش میں گرفتار تھے، راقم ۲۳؍ فروری کو مرکزی جمعیۃ اہل حدیث ہند کے امیر مولانا مختار احمد ندوی حفظ اﷲ کی دعوت پر کلیۃ فاطمۃ الزہرا کے سالانہ جلسہ میں شرکت کے لیے مؤ گیا تو مولانا الاعظمی کی عیادت کے لئے بھی حاضر ہوا لیکن ڈاکٹروں نے ملنے جلنے پر سخت پابندی لگا رکھی تھی، میری خواہش پر صاحب زادہ محترم مولانا رشید احمد صاحب نے دید و زیارت کا موقع مہیا کردیا لیکن اس وقت محدث کبیر نہ بات چیت کرتے تھے اور نہ آنکھیں کھولتے تھے، چند روز بعد مولانا رشید احمد صاحب نے خط سے اطلاع دی کہ اب بھی وہی کیفیت ہے بلکہ صحت مزید خراب ہوتی جارہی ہے، میں پھر عیادت کے لیے جانا چاہتا تھا کہ ۱۱؍ رمضان المبارک کو حادثہ جانکاہ کی اطلاع آگئی، اِناﷲ وَ اِنا اِلَیہ رَاجِعُون۔
محدث العصر نے طویل عمر پائی اور مصروف علمی زندگی گزاری، وہ ۱۳۱۹ھ میں پیدا ہوئے، اختر حسن تاریخی نام تھا۔ گھریلو تعلیم کے بعد انھوں نے مؤ سے ملحق قصبہ بہادر گنج کے مدرسہ میں داخلہ لیا جہاں مولانا عبدالغفار عراقی کے بھائی مولانا ابوالحسن عراقی سے کسب فیض کرنے کے بعد مظہرالعلوم بنارس میں داخلہ لیا، حصول تعلیم کے لیے دارالعلوم دیوبند کا سفر دوبارہ کیا مگر دونوں بار طبیعت خراب ہوجانے کی وجہ سے واپس چلے آئے اور دارالعلوم مؤ ہی میں مولانا کریم بخش سنبھلی کی خدمت میں رہ کر دورہ حدیث مکمل کیا، فراغت کے بعد یہیں درس و تدریس کی خدمت پر مامور ہوگئے، پھر مؤ کے دوسرے بڑے مدرسہ جامعہ مفتاح العلوم سے وابستہ ہوئے اور اس کے صدر مدرس بھی رہے، یہاں سے علیحدہ ہوئے تو خود المعمہد العالی مرقاۃ العلوم کی...
“Minority” is a word which is considered a challenge for any political system. This article discusses how a certain political system deals with the idea and rights of a minority. If a minority enjoys the privileges in a society that political system is considered as perfect. Islam, the revealed religion, has not overlooked the status of a minority. Rights of a minority is one of the top priorities in Islam. This article brings to the fore the very status which Islam gives to the minorities and which they enjoyed while living in the Islamic poltical and social set up. Islam not only gives minorities the right to live in an Islamic Society, but also gives them protection. The word “Dhimmis” gives minorities the protection in an Islamic society which they never entertain in their own society. Whether it was the time of the Holy Prophet, the Abbasid’s or Umayyad, everywhere in the Islamic society they enjoyed not only as minorities but also they were allowed to build churches, join Islamic forces and to become viziers, etc. It clearly reveals that Islam is a religion of peace that not only gives good tidings to the believers but aslo to the minorities who live among them. This article is a small replica of what the minorities enjoyed in the Islamic society.
The study was designed to find out the leadership behaviours of head teachers and its impact on school discipline at secondary level in Punjab. The major objectives of the study were to identify the leadership behaviours of head teachers at secondary level, to explore the existing condition of school discipline, to find out the impact of leadership behaviours of head teachers on school discipline and to compare the leadership behaviours of head teachers gender and locality wise. Three separate and self-constructed instruments were developed for the stud. The interview protocol was designed for head teachers to find out the leadership behaviours of head teachers and school discipline. One questionnaire was designed for teachers to explore the leadership behaviours of head teachers and other questionnaire for students to examine the existing condition of school discipline. Simple random sampling and convenient sampling techniques were used to collect data for the study. The province of Punjab was divided into three zones. Two districts were selected randomly from each zone and 144 secondary schools were chosen from six randomly selected districts of the Punjab. The selected districts were Attock, Sargodha, Shaiwal, Gujrat, Bahawalpur and Layyah. Thirty-six head teachers, 432 secondary school teachers and 2304 secondary school students were selected as a sample of the study. The collected data was entered into SPSS files. To interpret the quantative data, frequency, mean score, standard deviation t-test of independent sample and regression analysis techniques were applied. To analyze qualitative data, the researcher transcribed the interviews, find sub themes and themes of the data to generalize the results. The findings revealed that democratic leadership behaviour received highest rating, while autocratic leadership at second rating. Autocratic and democratic leadership behaviours of head teachers had a positive impact on school discipline. Laissez-faire leadership behaviour of head teachers had not a significant impact on school discipline. Gender wise comparison indicates that there was no significant difference in the opinions of male and female teachers about leadership behaviours. Locality wise comparision also shows that there was no significant difference in the opinions of rural and urban teachers about leadership behaviours of head teachers. Discipline condition of schools was satisfactory at secondary level. It is recommended that head teachers should adopt democratic leadership behaviour to maintain schools discipline in a constructive and positive way.