Research on Akhlaq Development: The Standard Character and its Development in Muslim Living

Knowledge without its moral disposition is of no benefit. The virtues of knowledge without hidāyat are useless and vice versa. Man is advised to control his behavior as he will be questioned for his deeds. Faith is not a matter of words but of accepting Allah’s will and striving in his cause. Every soul shall have a taste of death and on the Day of Judgment will be paid full recompense for his deeds. The one who is admitted to heaven would attain the object of life. This object is achieved by moral character. It shapes an individual in a way conducive to the unfettered growth of good, virtue and truth in every sphere of life. It gives full play to the forces of going in all directions. Also it removes all impediments in the path of virtue. It eradicates evils from social plan by prohibiting the causes of its appearance and growth, by closing the inlets through which it creeps into a society. It saves from all sorts of human weaknesses and counsels of pseudo-wisdom, self respect that keeps breaking-in and resists all evils. This is attained by exercising highest patience and self restraint. It signifies the entire scheme of life and not any isolated part or parts thereof. Akhlāq develops an attitude in a person by which every moral valuation, every decision as to the practical course for whatever the individual would prefer in his life to take for ultimate success.

Interference and Capacity Analysis in Wireless Mesh Network

CSMA based MAC protocols are known to incur throughput imbalance when employed in multi hop wireless networks and existing literature lacks efficient MAC protocol for wireless mesh networks. Accurate modeling of interference and its affect on throughput of flows in the WMN is critical in designing future wireless networking protocols. This thesis performs a thorough analysis of interference and capacity in wireless multi hop network based on CSMA/CA MAC behavior. It is hypothesized that accurate modeling of interference at MAC level can maximize overall network capacity. In first part of thesis, twenty five unique possible two flow topologies have been classified into six categories based on MAC layer behavior and per flow throughput and closed form expressions for occurrence probabilities of the identified categories have been derived with particular observation that carrier sensing range based categories have high occurrence probability and cannot be ignored. MAC behavior of each category is discussed. In the second iii iv part, accurate computation of conditional packet loss probability and busy time is done based on geometrical configuration of the interfering links and also predicted per-flow throughput while addressing CSMA’s coordination problem. Unlike previous work, our analytical throughput model can clearly differentiate between links interfering from transmission range and carrier sensing range. Analytical and empirical results demonstrate improved accuracy, indicate throughput imbalances and provide better understanding of CSMA based protocol behavior in multi-hop wireless networks that can be used to design fair, scalable, and efficient MAC layer protocols.