پروفیسر افضل الدین اقبال ؍ غلام محمود بنات والا
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ دنوں ہماری علمی و ادبی اور سیاسی دنیا کا خلا کچھ اور بڑھا، حیدرآباد کے پروفیسر افضل الدین اقبال ۱۵؍ مئی کو اس دنیا سے رخصت ہوئے، عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی کے صدر شعبہ اردو اور اس سے زیادہ دکنی ادب کے ماہر کی حیثیت سے ان کی شہرت تھی، جنوبی ہند کی صحافت، مدراس میں اردو ادب کی نشوونما، فورٹ سینٹ جارج کالج اور ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی کے علمی ادارے ان کی اہم کتابیں تھیں، دوسری اہم شخصیت غلام محمود بنات والا کی ہے، وہ پارلیمنٹ کے ممتاز اور پرانے ممبر تھے، ہندوستان میں مسلم لیگ کا نام زندہ رکھا اور اپنے کردار سے غیروں سے بھی عزت حاصل کی، ملت اسلامیہ ہندیہ کے مسائل پر بے باکی اور نہایت حکمت اور دانائی سے اظہار خیال کرتے، اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کے ساتھ مغفرت کا معاملہ فرمائے۔ ( عمیر الصدیق دریابادی ندوی ، جولائی ۲۰۰۸ء)
آہ! مولانا پروفیسر سید محمد اجتباء ندوی مرحوم
افسوس کہ گذشتہ ماہ ہندوستان کی ملت اسلامیہ، ایک اور نمایاں اور قابل قدر ہستی کی خدمات سے محروم ہوگئی، خبر آئی کہ مشہور عالم، عربی اور اردو کے ممتاز صاحب قلم مولانا پروفیسر سید محمد اجتباء ندوی نے ۲۰؍ جون کو دہلی میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، اناﷲ وانا الیہ راجعون۔
مولانا مرحوم ہمارے علما کے اس طبقے سے تھے جن کی تعلیم و تربیت خالص دینی بنیادوں پر استوار ہوئی لیکن جن کے فیضان نظر سے عصری تعلیم کے ادارے بھی بہرہ ور ہوئے اور جنہوں نے اپنے علم و عمل سے جدید دانش گاہوں میں صرف دینی اداروں کی عظمت و توقیر میں ہی اضافہ نہیں کیا بلکہ اس مذہبی حمیت و غیرت اور خالص دینی تشخص کی پاسداری، بڑی استواری سے کی جس کا اولین سبق انہوں نے...
From the very first day, the scholars of the Ummah, Particularly from the time of Imm Shf movements of Islamic thought originated, which affected not only the Arabic world but the whole Islamic world. There had been movements of severe revenge and bloodshed and a lot of people were killed. Imm Nawras is one of those unique people who served the Islamic thought from such dangerous storms. Day and night he made selfless efforts. He criticized the falsehood and injustice. The period of Imm Nawras was plagued with severe gales of argumentations. This became the cause of Invitational, reformative and renewing movement of Imm Nawras. It faced the western and European attacks which appeared after Industrial and ideological revolutions of Europe. Before starting the movement, he did deep study of current affairs, Islamic thought and history. He studied the reasons due to which chaos of Islamic thought began. It was necessary to study all the situations and to fight with the contemporary Atheistic thought and wipe out its effects. So this article discusses intellectual contributions of Imm Nawras. He is great in handling the critical situation, and his conservative positive criticism is excellent. He is one of those luckiest persons who survived and got a chance to serve humanity. He was unique in handling intellectual issues away from dialectical demagoguery. Imm Nawras really worked great for Islam. His principles regarding intellectual positive criticism, his philosophical thoughts, his criticism on mystic issues are presented here in this article. It is important to study and analyze Nawras ’s amazing ability and his critical positive approach and treatment of constructive issues away from the ego.
Flow and Heat Transfer Over Stretching and Shrinking Surfaces Finding the numerical solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations of nonlinear nature has become somewhat possible, during the last few decades, due to the evolution of efficient computing. However, the governing equations for fluid flow are difficult to address in terms of finding analytical solutions. This difficulty lies in the highly nonlinear nature of these equations. Thus, it has always been a challenging task for mathematicians and engineers to find possible exact/approximate analytical and numerical solutions of these equations. The analytical results have great advantage in the sense that; it helps to make comparison with exact numerical solution ensuring the reliability of the two results and also helps to explain the underlying physics of fluid. The analytical solutions are further useful to develop an insight for the development of new analytical techniques and for the modeling of new exciting fluid flow problems in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. There has been a continuously increasing interest of the researchers to investigate the boundary layer fluid flow problems over a stretching/shrinking surface. It is now known that surface shear stress and heat transfer rate for both viscous and non-Newtonian fluid are different. These stretching and shrinking velocities can be of various types such as liner, power law and exponential. Thus our main objective in this thesis is to analyze some boundary layer flow problems due to stretching/shrinking sheet with different types of velocities analytically. Both transient and steady forced and mixed convection flows are considered. The present thesis is mainly structured in two parts. Chapters 3 to 5 consist of transient and steady mixed convection boundary layer flow of Newtonian and some classes of non-Newtonian fluids with linear stretching and shrinking cases. Chapters 6 to 8 present the investigation of exponential stretching case. The chapters of the thesis are arranged in the following fashion. Chapter 1 dealt with the previous literature related to boundary layer stretched flows of viscous and non- Newtonian fluids. Chapter 2 includes the basic equations of fluid flow and heat transfer. Definitions of dimensionless physical parameters are also presented here. Chapter 3 explores unsteady mixed convection flow of a viscous fluid saturating porous medium adjacent ixto a heated/cooled semi-infinite stretching vertical sheet. Analysis is presented in the presence of a heat source. The unsteadiness in the flow is caused by continuous stretching of the sheet and continuous increase in the surface temperature. Both analytical and numerical solutions of the problem are given. The effects of emerging parameters on field quantities are examined and discussed. The magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow of Casson fluid over a shrinking sheet with heat transfer is investigated in Chapter 4. Interesting solution behavior is observed with multiple solution branches for a certain range of magnetic field parameter. Laminar two- dimensional unsteady flow and heat transfer of an upper convected, an incompressible Maxwell fluid saturates the porous medium past a continuous stretching sheet is studied in Chapter 5. The velocity and temperature distributions are assumed to vary according to a power-law form. The governing boundary layer equations are reduced to local non-similarity equations. The resulting equations are solved analytically using perturbation method. Steady state solutions of the governing equations are obtained using the implicit finite difference method and by local non- similarity method. A good agreement of the results computed by different methods has been observed. Chapter 6 addresses the steady mixed convection boundary layer flow near a two-dimensional stagnation- point of a viscous fluid towards a vertical stretching sheet. Both cases of assisting and opposing flows are considered. The governing nonlinear boundary layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation. Implicit finite difference scheme is implemented for numerical simulation. The features of the flow and heat transfer characteristics for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed and discussed. Chapter 7 examines the boundary layer flow of a viscous fluid. The flow is due to exponentially stretching of a surface. Unsteady mixed convection flow in the region of stagnation point is considered. The resulting system of nonlinear partial differential equations is reduced to local non-similar boundary layer equations using a new similarity transformation. A comparison of the perturbation solutions for different time scales is made with the solution obtained for all time through the implicit finite difference scheme (Keller-box method). Attention is focused to investigate the effect of emerging parameters on the flow quantities. Chapter 8 aims to investigate the boundary layer flow of nanofluids. The flow here is induced by an exponentially stretching surface with constant temperature. The mathematical formulation xof this problem involves the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. Numerical solution is presented by two independent methods namely nonlinear shooting method, and finite difference method. The effects of embedded parameters on the flow fields are investigated. Chapter 9 summaries the research material presented in this thesis.