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A Shallow Seismic Refraction Survey to Map the Velocity Lithology Relationship of the Weathred and Subweathered Layers

Thesis Info

Author

Abdul Ghafoor

Department

Deptt. of Earth Sciences, QAU.

Program

MSc

Institute

Quaid-i-Azam University

Institute Type

Public

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

1991

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Page

42

Subject

Earth Sciences

Language

English

Other

Call No: DISS/M.Sc ES/76

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676715024678

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جیہڑا حسن ازل مہتاباں وچ

جیہڑا حسن ازل مہتاباں وچ
اوہو چمکے نور آفتاباں وچ
جیہڑی ہووے بھل چک بھل جانا
اساں لکھیا خط شتاباں وچ
جہیڑا وڑیا عشق قبیلے نوں
اوہ آگیا سدا بے تاباں وچ
سانوں مان نہ مال و دولت دا
روٹی اوہو جیہڑی رکاباں وچ
جس کان پنجاب دا ناں بنیا
پانی لبھدا نہیں چناباں وچ
نہیں شوق عمل دی داد کوئی
علم رہ گیا صرف کتاباں وچ

توں یار میرے دی پچھنا ایں
جیویں سوہنا پھل گلاباں وچ
کدی عشق دے قیدی نہیں چھٹ دے
اینویں گزری عمر عذاباں وچ
اینویں دکھاں درداں ماریا اے
جگر جیوں کر سیخ کباباں وچ
کسے دکھی دل دی کر خدمت
رب لبھدا نہیں محراباں وچ
ہو عقل حیران کھلوندی اے
کیا لذت عشق دے باباں وچ
جیہڑے مال خزانے ونڈ دے سن
اوہ صفتاں کدوں نواباں وچ
جہدی خاطر جگ جہان بنیا
پڑھاں لکھ سلام جناباں وچ
کدی پچھ حنیف نوں جا کے تے
کی لبھیا عشق نصاباں وچ

جرم و سزائے ارتداد پر قرآن حکیم سے متعلقہ شبہات کا تحقیقی جائزہ جرم و سزائے ارتداد پر قرآن حکیم سے متعلقہ شبہات

According to Islamic Criminal Law, Apostasy is a crime, severely punishable in this world and hereafter. Some people are of the view that worldly punishment is not mentioned in Quran. Rather the rule has been given that a man is free to choose or give up any religion; no one would be compelled in this regard. This is essential to contemplate this critical matter; What is the accurate interpretation of the verses of the Quran in this regard? How the worldly punishment of Apostasy is derived from Quran? What is the meaning of "There is no coercion in Islam"? Either Islam prohibits every form of coercion or it has also been used in some commands of Islam?  In this article, a critical analysis of these doubtful questions regarding the punishment of Apostasy is presented in the context of the Holy Quran.

Genetic Studies of Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, leading to socioeconomic destabilization of the community. Among the different factors that play a role in the onset and progression of disease, raised plasma cholesterol levels is considered to be a major factor in the development of atherosclerosis, a typical character for the development of CVDs. Candidate gene screening of hypercholesterolemia families and sporadic individuals revealed two mutations in LDL-C binding domain (La) of LDLR (c.264G>C, p.R88S and c.887_889GCA>AGC, p.296*), four missense mutations in EGF like domain (c. 1019_1020delinsTG, p.C340L; c.1211C>T, p.T404I; c.1214 A>C, p.N405T; c.1634G>A, p.G545E and c.1916T>G, p.V639) and one premature terminating mutation (c.2416_2417 Ins G, p.V806GfsX11) in the transmembrane domain of LDLR. The La domain mutation has been shown to lead to inefficient binding of LDL-C with the receptor, while mutations in EGF like domain were found to cause decreased recycling of LDLR to the hepatocytes surface, which resulted in raised cholesterol levels in the patients. Two variants in PCSK9 i.e., c.314G>A, p.R105Q and c.464C>T, p.P155L, were also found in two different families with a history of CABG. The variant c.314G>A, p.R105Q resulted in 19% decrease in LDL-C levels in heterozygote carriers compared to homozygote normal individuals predicting it to be a “loss of function mutation”, while the second variant c.464C>T, p.P155L was located in the autocatalytic site of PCSK9 which may impact on LDL-C, but its exact effect could not be determined due to the small family size. In case control studies on MI cases in Pakistani population, the screening of selected panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within five different genes was conducted. It was found that rs1333049 (ANRIL) was significantly associated with the onset of disease (p<0.001), while rs10920501 (FAM5C), rs1042579 (THBD), rs4646994 (ACE) and Intron 4 VNTR (eNOS) were not associated with the onset of MI (p>0.05). The stratification of data based on coronary artery disease (CAD) family history revealed significant association of the risk allele in ACE and eNOS polymorphisms with OR 1.83(95% CI=1.06-3.14) and 1.82(95% CI=1.03-3.22), respectively. This also indicates that the clustering of genetic factors within the ixfamilies are responsible for the onset of MI in Pakistani families. The relationship of rs1333049 risk allele “C” with phenotype impact on the lipid profile also showed a marked decrease in total cholesterol in individual homozygous for risk allele, which was observed in an independent cohort of hypercholesterolemia patients from the affected families as compared to their normolipidemic individuals. From this study, it is revealed that the Pakistani population has genetic heterogeneity, which predisposes the individuals to an increased risk of MI.