مفتی امین الحسینی
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مئی میں مجاہد جلیل مفتی امین الحسینی نے انتقال کیا، ان کی پوری زندگی جہاد مسلسل کی ایک داستان ہے، اسرائیل کے قیام کے بعد سے برابر اس کے خلاف جدوجہد میں لگے رہے، فلسطین کا مسئلہ اگرچہ ابتداء سے مسلمانوں کا مذہبی مسئلہ تھا اور انھوں نے اسی وقت سے اس کے خلاف احتجاج شروع کردیا تھا، لیکن جب تک اسرائیل نے پروبال نہ نکالے تھے اس کے عواقب و نتائج پر ان کی پوری نظر نہ تھی، مفتی صاحب کی دوربین نگاہ نے اس کو محسوس کرلیا تھا اور انھوں نے پوری دنیائے اسلام کا سفر کرکے مسلمانوں کو اس کے خطرات سے آگاہ اور اس کے مقابلے پر آمادہ کیا، اس سلسلہ میں وہ ہندوستان بھی آئے تھے، اس لئے اس مسئلہ میں جان ان ہی نے ڈالی تھی اور اس راہ میں قید و بند جلاوطنی ہر قسم کی مصیبتیں جھیلیں اور اسی جہاد پر ان کا خاتمہ ہوا۔ ایسی عظیم شخصیتیں مدتوں میں پیدا ہوتی ہیں اس لئے ان کی موت تنہا عربوں کا نہیں بلکہ پوری دنیائے اسلام کا حادثہ ہے، اﷲ تعالیٰ اس مجاہد جلیل کے مدارج بلند فرمائے۔
(شاہ معین الدین ندوی، اگست ۱۹۷۴ء)
Qur’an and Prophetic traditions (Hadith) are the fundamental sources of Islam. Muslims believe that Qur’an is the word of God (Allah). Hadith (Prophet’s Sayings, actions and silent approval and disapproval for something) likewise is based on divine revelation. Qur’an affirms also this view: (God says) Your Companion (Muhammad) has neither gone astray nor has erred. Nor does He speak of (his own) desire. It is only a Revelation revealed. Al-Qur’an (53: 2-4). Allah Almighty Himself took the responsibility to guard His word (the Qur’an): (He says : ) verily, we, it is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. The Qur’an) and surely, We will got it (from corruption). (Al-Qur’an: 15: 9) on the contrary the responsibility to guard the prophetic traditions (Hadith) was put on the shoulders on the Muslim Ummah. The scholars of Islam (Ulamas) try their utmost to collect and save the Prophetic traditions and guard it from any alteration. To achieve this purpose, they introduced different hadith sciences to distinguished between the true and the fabricated hadith. The authentic Sunnah is contained within the vast body of Hadith literature. Different scholars have compiled the books which contain a large numbers of authentic Ahadith (Ahadith Sahiha), one of them is Imam Ibn e Khuzaima. In this article we will discuss the Imam Ibn e Khuzaima approach towards “Ahadith al Sahiha” in his book “Sahih Ibn e Khuzaima”.
The adoption of explicit deposit insurance increases the moral hazard of bank’s risktaking triggered by the reduction in depositors’ discipline. In the light of economic and contract theories, the main objectives of this study are; to analyze whether the implementation of risk-adjusted deposit insurance premium shrinks the bank’s risktaking, to examine that the allocation of appropriate supervisory powers and suitable supervision structure to a banking supervisor reduces the bank’s risk-taking, to scrutinize whether to allocate the additional supervisory power to a deposit insurer in the presence of banking supervisor which more likely to decreases the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking. This study comprises the secondary data of publically traded deposit-taking banks of 125 countries from 2002 to 2014 period. In this scenario, the bank-level data is collected from the Bankscope database while country-level data is collected from the surveys of World Bank and global financial development database. This study uses the Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM) technique which takes into account the nested effect of the dataset. The findings reveal that enactment of risk-adjusted deposit insurance premium decreases the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking initiated by the adoption of explicit deposit insurance. Though, this effect is higher for the small banks as compared to large banks. Furthermore, the allocation of greater supervisory powers to a banking supervisor, reduces the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking in non-crisis affected countries and uplifts the financial health of banks in both crisis and non-crisis affected countries. Moreover, a central bank with greater supervisory powers, appears to mitigate the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking adopted by explicit deposit insurance. Whereas, the allocation of low supervisory powers to a central bank has a little or no impact on the bank’s risk-taking. The allocation of supervisory powers to a deposit insurer decreases the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking and enriches the bank’s soundness in non-crisis effected countries. Furthermore, the allocation of additional supervisory powers to a deposit insurer, appears as the additional force to mitigate the moral hazard of bank’s risk-taking in the presence of a banking supervisor. However, this effect is more significant in non-crisisaffected countries. Therefore, the regulatory institutes can reform their strategies and surveillance policies under the verdicts of this study, as it intensifies the depositors and investors’ confidence in the banking system around the globe.